Abstract
Acute fevers mentioned in the core conditions of the Integrated Diseases Surveillance Project (IDSP) i.e. Malaria, Dengue, ARI and typhoid are under regular surveillance in Kadapa district. Generally in any given year ten to eleven percent of the total out patients’ attendance consists of fevers. The medical officer is expected to examine the patients and make presumptive diagnosis basing on the clinical findings and advise the clinical laboratory tests for confirmation of diagnosis. The laboratories tests are basic in nature, conducted at the PHC level i.e. blood smear examination for malaria parasite, serological tests for rapid diagnosis of Dengue, Typhoid etc. Fevers were analyzed month wise, year wise and found that18 to 20 percent of the fevers did not show positive for basic tests conducted at PHC like blood smear examination for Malaria, Typhoid dot for enteric fevers, Rapid diagnostic tests for dengue etc and remain as( 2) undifferentiated fevers. When they were subjected to statistical analysis they start rising from the month of June just as seasonal fevers i.e. the other important observation was incidence of malaria and dengue were found to be low in kadapa district. (1)Though Andhra Pradesh falls under category 2 of the pre elimination phase, identification malaria cases is low in kadapa district (endemic for malaria) with many false negatives. Supporting the above observation incidence of malaria and (3) dengue are low in kadapa district though it is endemic for malaria. A thorough analysis is done to identify the causes of false negatives and to take rectification measures.
Keywords: Undifferentiated fevers, Dengue, Malaria, Kadapa.
References
- Park. Preventive and Social Medicine, Twenty-Fourth Edition Ed. Jabalpur: M/S Banarasidas Bhanot; 2017.
- Kristine Morch, Anand Manohara, Sara Crandy, Novin Chacko, Gerardo Alvarez Uria,Suvama Patil,Anil Henry etal. Acute undiferentiated fever in India: a multi centre study of aetiology and diagnostic accuracy. BMC infectious Diseases 2017; 17(PMC5628453): .
- Kundavaram Paul Prabhaar Abhilash, Janathan Arul Jeevan, Subhankar Mitra, Nirvin Paul, Thimori Plani Murugam, Ajay Ranga Raj etal. Acute Undifferentiated febrile illness in patiets presenting to a Tertiary care hospital in South India: clinical spectrum and outcome.. Journal of Global Infectious Disease 2016; 8(4): .
- DR Srivastav, S Venkatesh, S.Pandey, Ravi Sankar, D.S.Pillai. Completness and Timeliness of Reporting Under Itigated Disease Surveillance Project in rural Surveillance Unit of Nanital District of Uttarakhand, India.. Indian Journal of Preventive and Scial Medicine. 2009; 40(3 and 4): .
- James A. Potts and Alan L.Rothman. clinical and Laboratory features that distinuish dengue from other febrile illnesses in endemic population. Tropical Medicine and International Journal 2008; 13(11): .
- Mitra S , Choudhari R, Nori H, Abhilash K P, Jayaseelan V. etal. Comprehensive evaluation of Validity and cost-benifit analysis of rapid diagnostic tests(RDT) Kits in Diagnosis of dengue infection using composit reference criteria: A cross- sectional study from South India.. PubMeD-Journal of Vector Borne Diseses 2016; 53(1 30-6): .
- Wongkoon,M jaroensutasinee and k. Jaroensutasinee.. Distribution of, Seassonal Variation & Dengue transmission prediction in Sisaket, Thailand.. IJMR Indian Journal of Medical Research. 2013; 138(3): .
- Aswani Kumar,Neena Valecha,Tanu Jain and Aditya P.Dash.. Defining and Defending the Intolerable Burden of Malaria III: Progress and Prospective, American Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene, 2007; 77(6): .
- Agarwal A,Chandra J,Anela .S,Patwari A.K,Dutta A.K. An Epidemic of Dengue hemorrhagic fever and Dengue shock syndrome in children in Delhi.. NCBI Pub Med 1998; 35(8): .
- Aswani KUMAR, Laura Chery,Chinmoy Biswas,Nagesh Dubhashi, Prafulla Dutta,Virendra Kumar Dua et al. Malaria in South Asia: prevention and control. HHS Public Access 2012; 121(3): .
- Vyas, B. Puwar, V. Patel, G. Bhatt, S. Kulkarni and M. Fancy.. Study on Validity of a rapid diagnostic test kits versus light microscopy for Malaria. Eastern Mediterranian Health Journal 2014; 20(4):
- Scott R Fry,Michelle Meyer,Mathew G Sample,Cmeron p .Simmons,Shamala Devi Sekaran,Johnny X Hvang. A Diagnostic Sensitivity of Dengue Rapid Test Assay is Significantly Enhanced by Using a combined Antigen and Antibody Testing Approach. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES A peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal 2011; 5(6):
- John C. Reeder and Jamie A guth.. What have we learned from 40 years of supporting Research and capacity building ?. PLOS NEGLECTED TROPICAL DISEASES A peer-Reviewed Open Access Journal 2015; 9(1): .
Corresponding Author
M. Satyanarayana Raju
Assistant Professor, Dept. of Community Medicine, GVP IHC & MT, Visakhapatnam, AP
Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.