Title: Cardiovascular Changes during Chronic Hypertensive States
Authors: Swathi.A, T.A.Naufal Rizwan
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i8.69
Abstract
Hypertension is currently the single most important contributor to death around the world in both developed and developing regions. Elevated blood pressure is a major risk factor for coronary heart disease, atrial fibrillation, heart failure, cerebrovascular disease and peripheral artery disease.
Hypertensive heart disease consists of both vascular and myocardial changes. Various mechanisms are responsible for hypertensive heart disease, including endothelial dysfunction and coronary arteriolar constriction causing ischemia of the myocardium, increased fibrosis, apoptosis and inflammatory changes. Studies also shown that major risk factors such as dyslipidemia and also diabetes stratifies the patient into high risk group. Hypertension induces a compensatory thickening of the ventricular wall in an attempt to normalize wall stress, which results in concentric LVH, which in turn decreases LV compliance and LV diastolic filling, causing heart failure. Enlargement of the left atrium results in stretching of the atrial fibers, causing arrythmias and increased blood flow causes damage and narrowing of arteries resulting in coronary artery disease.
Key Words: Hypertension, heart failure, endothelial dysfunction, left ventricular hypertrophy.
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