Title: Estimation of Salivary Glucose, Total Proteins, and Albumin in Children with Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus
Authors: Reem A.Abdel Aziz, Doaa M. Mahrous, Gamal B. Mohammed, Salama R.Abd El-Rehem, Islam A.Abd El-Wahab
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i10.60
Abstract
Aim of the work: is to measure salivary glucose, protein levels and albumin in children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and to compare and correlate these levels with their serum levels.
Methods: our study included 60 diabetic children were subjected to serum glucose, total protein, albumin and hemoglobin A1c, in addition to salivary glucose, total protein and albumin and 20 apparently healthy control children.
Results: there was a significant correlation between serum glucose and salivary glucose in the diabetic children.
Conclusion: Salivary glucose can be a noninvasive, easy, cheap and not time consuming tool for monitoring blood glucose in diabetic patients.
Keywords: Salivary Glucose, Proteins, Albumin.
References
1. Gheena S., Chandrashekhar T and Ramani P. Salivary characteristics of diabetic children. Braz J Oral Sci. 2011; 10: 93-7.
2. Amutha A., Thai K and Vishwanathan M., Childhood and adolescent onset Type 1 diabetes in India. J Med Sci. 2013; 1(1): 46-53.
3. Malamud D . Saliva as a diagnostic fluid. Dent Clin North Am. 2011; 55 (1): 159- 78.
4. Hedge A, Shenoy R, D'Mello P, Smitha A, Tintu A and Manjrekar P. Alternative markers of glycemic status in diabetes mellitus. Biomed Res. 2010; 21: 252-6.
5. Thomas L. Clinical Laboratory Diagnostics. 1st ed. Frankfurt: TH Books Veriagsgessellchaft; 1998; 131-7.
6. Tietz NW. Text Book of Clinical Chemistry. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders.1986; 231-46.
7. American Diabetes Association. Standards of Medical Care in Diabetes: Abridged for Primary Care Providers. Clinical Diabetes. 2015; 33: 2.
8. Pilia S, Casini MR and Cambuli VM. Prevalence of Type 1 diabetes autoantibodies (GAD and IA2) in Sardinian children and adolescents with autoimmune thyroiditis. Diabet Med. 2011 Aug.; 28(8): 896-9.
9. Panchbhai AS. Correlation of salivary glucose level with blood glucose level in diabetes mellitus. J Oral Maxillofac Res. 2012; 3(3): 3–3.
10. Krishna BA, Ashalatha G, Baghirath VP, RajaniKanth AV and Malathi N. Saliva as a diagnostic biofluid-review. J OrofacSci 2010; 2: 66-70.
11. American Diabetes Association. Standards of medical care in diabetes. Diabetes Care. 2011; Jan. 34 (1): 11-61.
12. Shahbaz S, Katti G, Ghali SR, Katti C, Diwakar DD and Guduba V. Salivary alterations in type 1 diabetes mellitus patients: Salivary glucose could be noninvasive tool for monitoring diabetes mellitus. Indian J Dent Res. 2014; 25: 420.
13. Nagalaxmi V and Priyanka V. Can saliva be a marker for predicting type I diabetesmellitus?-a pilot study.J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2011; 23(4): 579–82.
14. Iqbal S, Asad S, Farhat K and Fareeha B. Correlation between salivary glucose level and gingivitis in patients with diabetes. J Islamabad Med Dent. 2011; 110-3.
15. Nawalkar A and Bhoweer A. Alterations in whole saliva constituents in patients with diabetes mellitus and periodontal disease. J Indian Acad Oral Med Radiol. 2011; 23: 498-501.
16. Panchbhai AS, Degwekar SS and Bhowte RR. Estimation of salivary glucose, salivary amylase, salivary total protein and salivary flow rate in diabetics in India. J Oral Sci. 2010; 52: 359-68.
17. Belazi MA, Galli-Tsinopoulou A, Drakoulakos D, Fleva A andPapanayiotou PH. Salivary alterations in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. Int J Paediatr Dent 1998; 8: 29-33.
18. Meurman JH, Rantonen P, Pajukoski H and Sulkava R. Salivary albumin and other constituents and their relation to oral and general health in the elderly. Oral Surg. Oral Med. Oral Pathol. Oral Radiol. Endod. 2002; 94: 432-8.
19. Vaziri PB, Vahedi M, Abdollahzadeh SH, Abdolsamadi HR, Hajiloori M and Kasraee SH. Evaluation of salivary albumin in diabetic patients. Iran J Public Health. 2009 ; 38: 54-9.
20. Abikshyeet P, Ramesh V and Oza N. Glucose estimation in the salivary secretion of diabetes mellitus patients. Diabetes MetabSyndrObes. 2012; 5: 149-54.
21. Satish BN, Srikala P, Maharudrappa B, Awanti SM, Kumar P and Hugar D. Saliva: A tool in assessing glucose levels in Diabetes Mellitus. J Int Oral Health. 2014 Apr.; 6(2): 114–7.
22. BakianianVaziri P, Vahedi M, Mortazavi H, AbdollahzadehSh and Hajilooi M. Evaluation of salivary glucose, IgA and flow rate in diabetic patients: A case-control study. J Dent (Tehran). 2010; 7: 138.