Title: The Prevalence of Diabetic Retinopathy on Screening Patients with Diabetes Mellitus, admitted to a Tertiary Care Centre in Rural South India
Authors: Harishankar S, Soman Mani, Anna Mathew, John Michael Raj
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i12.50
Background: Diabetic retinopathy is recognized as one of the ocular diseases with public health implications in India. The number of diabetic patients are rising rapidly; most of whom are not even aware of its complications. The risk of sight-threatening retinopathies is higher in diabetics. Screening of patients with diabetic retinopathy (damage to microvascular system of the retina due to prolonged hyperglycemia) is important in early detection and prevention of blindness. The relationship between duration of diabetes and severity of retinopathy can be assessed to figure out a remedy. Objectives: 1. To evolve a screening programme for early detection of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with Diabetes Mellitus (DM) admitted to this tertiary care hospital. 2. To find out how factors such as glycemic control and duration of illness affect severity of diabetic retinopathy in these patients. Methodology: The study covered 70 diabetic patients from a rural tertiary care hospital. Demographic data, diabetic history and investigations were recorded in the case study form. The student investigator, who has earlier been trained in the skills lab and has practiced observing the fundus under supervision of ophthalmologists will perform a fundoscopic examination on the patient. They will then classify the patients into five groups. The data were collected and analyzed using chi-square test. Results: The prevalence of DR (35.7%) was found to be higher in males. Risk of developing it was more in uncontrolled diabetics. 24.3% among those with retinopathy had mild non-proliferative retinopathy. Conclusion: The study revealed that the risk of developing retinopathy was higher in male patients with uncontrolled diabetes. In this screening programme we were able to diagnose retinopathy in 25 of the 70 diabetic patients enrolled (35.7%). We hope this screening programme will continue for early detection of retinopathy. 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