Title: To Study Prevalence of Ocular Surface Diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Positive Patients and its Correlation with CD4 Count – a Cross Sectional Observational Study
Authors: Dr Minal M Vyawahare, Dr Vaishnavi S Awachat, Dr Piyush A Madan, Dr Sunil Bhamre
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v13i05.05
Abstract
To determine prevalence of ocular surface diseases in Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients and its correlation with CD4 count a cross sectional observational study. A cross sectional observational study. The present observational study was conducted at a tertiary health care institute in Central India. There was a total of 233 Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients who were enrolled in this study and their prevalence was calculated for Ocular Surface Diseases which was also compared with their CD4+ cell count. Permission to conduct the study on Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive patients was taken from Maharashtra State Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Control Society and National Acquired immunodeficiency disease Control Organisation. Statistical analysis done using MSExcel2019 and Graph pad prism. The overall prevalence of OSD was 36.5% and that most common OSD found were DED, Blepharitis, and Conjunctivitis. Most of study participants with ocular surface diseases had CD4 cell count which was statistically significant. The present study determines the prevalence of ocular manifestations in the enrolled study participants who are Human Immunodeficiency Virus positive, where CD4 cell counts were found to be between low and very low for most of the study participants.
Keywords: Human immunodeficiency virus positive participants, ocular surface diseases, CD4 cell count, dry eye disease.
References
- Department of AIDS Control, NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare (2017) ‘National Strategic Plan for HIV/AIDS and STI: 2017 – 2024’. Available at: http://naco.gov.in/sites/default/files/Paving the Way for an AIDS 15122017.pdf.and HIV statistics, globally and by WHO region, 2024
- Holland GN, Gottlieb MS, Yee RD, Schanker HM, Pettit TH. Ocular disorders associated with a new severe acquired cellular immunodeficiency syndrome. American journal of ophthalmology. 1982 Apr 1;93(4):393-402.
- Shri N, Bhattacharyya K, Dhamnetiya D, Singh M, Jha RP, Patel P. Long-term trends of HIV/AIDS incidence in India: an application of joinpoint and age–period–cohort analyses: a gendered perspective. Frontiers in Public Health. 2023 May 16;11:1093310.
- Bekele S, Gelaw Y, Tessema F. Ocular manifestation of HIV/AIDS and correlation with CD4+ cells count among adult HIV/AIDS patients in Jimma town, Ethiopia: a cross sectional study. BMC ophthalmology. 2013 Dec;13:1-6
- National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics (2021). India HIV Estimates 2020: Technical Brief. New Delhi: NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
- Ghate M, Gogate P, Phadke S, Shaikh G, Shidhaye P, Gurav S, Gadhe K, Bhusnawar M, Mane A, Panda S. Ocular manifestations and refractive errors among people living with HIV in Pune, India: a cross-sectional study. Journal of International Medical 2021 Jul;49(7):03000605211026814.
- Ismail I, Venter M, Ismail S, Ally N. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2023 Oct 1;113(10):1415-9.
- Labh RK, Chaudhary M, Shah DN. Eye changes among HIV positive patients on antiretroviral therapy in Nepal. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2016 Dec12;8(1):62-70.
- Saini N, Hasija S, Kaur P, Kaur M, Pathania V, Singh A. Study of prevalence of ocular manifestations in HIV positive patients. Nepalese Journal of Ophthalmology. 2019 Sep 2;11(1):11-8.
- Hassan SN, Tilottoma B, Begum S, Kabir S, Khan AH, Rahman RN, Ahmed MS, Chowdhury FQ, Islam Ocular Manifestation and Correlation with CD4+ T Cell Count among Adult HIV/AIDS Patients in Bangladesh. Mymensingh medical journal: MMJ. 2022 Jul 1;31(3):779-89.
- Ismail I, Venter M, Ismail S, Ally N. Ocular manifestations of HIV infection at Chris Hani Baragwanath Academic Hospital, Johannesburg, South Africa. South African Medical Journal. 2023 Oct 1;113(10):1415-9.
- Arora R, Sandhu N, Dokania P, Subramanian A. Ocular manifestations in patients of HIV (Human immunodeficiency virus) infection on combined anti-retroviral therapy(CART). Ocular Immunology and Inflammation. 2022 Aug 18;30(6):1399-407.
- National AIDS Control Organisation & ICMR-National Institute of Medical Statistics (2021). India HIV Estimates 2020: Technical Brief. New Delhi: NACO, Ministry of Health and Family Welfare, Government of India
- UN Joint Programme on HIV/AIDS (UNAIDS) (2021) Global AIDS update-2021: Confronting inequalities. Available at: https://www.unaids.org/sites/default/files/media_asset/2021-global-aids-update_en.pdf.