Introduction

The weight of the infant at birth is a powerful predictor of infant growth and survival and depends on maternal health and nutrition throughout the pregnancy⁽¹⁾ Low birth weight has been defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as weight at birth of less than 2500 g (5.5 lb)⁽²⁾. In India prevalence of low birth weight neonate is 25–30 %⁽³⁾. Maternal, fetal, placental, and external factors along with genetic growth potential throughout pregnancy are the major determinant of the normal growth of fetus. Impairments in one or more of these factors affect the fetal growth⁽⁴⁾. There are various studies that reveal maternal as well as fetal risk factors for intrauterine growth retardation (IUGR). However, intrauterine growth retardation, which sometimes occurs without any risk factor, and etiopathogenesis could not be fully demonstrated. It can be understood by the thought that, in pathophysiology of intrauterine growth retardation, placental failure, which is contributed by oxidative stress, plays an important role⁽⁵⁾.

Pregnancy is a stressful physiological condition and it has been associated with oxidative stress injury⁽⁶⁾. Oxidative stress occurs when there is an imbalance in oxidant (free radical) and antioxidant. Free radicals react with membrane lipids and starts a chain of reactions result in formation of an intermediate lipid peroxidation product; Malondialdehyde (MDA). This is being measured widely to show the evidence of free radical injury in biological sample.⁽⁷⁾ This study was designed to correlate oxidative stress (MDA) & Total Antioxidant activity (AOA) and birth weight of new-borns.

Keywords: Oxidative stress, Malondialdehyde (MDA), Total Antioxidant Activity (AOA), Birth weight, Newborn

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Dr Aditi Ranawat