Pes planus also referred to as flat foot, planovalgus foot or fallen arches refers to the loss of medial longitudinal arch of foot. As a result the foot either comes closer to the ground or makes contact with the ground. The condition can be either congenital or acquired. Congenital flatfoot occurs due to ligamentous laxity and lack of neuromuscular control⁽⁵⁾. Acquired flatfoot occurs most frequently secondary to dysfunction of posterior tibial tendon⁽⁶⁾.

The medial longitudinal arch formed by calcaneus, talus, navicular, cuneiform and medial three metatarsals is higher, tougher and elastic compared to the lateral counterpart thus allowing it to vary dynamically in shape and configuration during gait.  It gives more resilience to the medial part of the foot and also facilitates propulsive action. It acts as a support for the entire body and helps to transmit the body weight to the ground. It also stores energy during the gait cycle.  Dysfunction of medial longitudinal arch can result in alteration of lower limb biomechanics as well as lumbar spine resulting in enhanced risk of pain and injury⁽¹⁾.

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Jasbir Kaur