Objective: The objective of this study was to investigate the subgingival infection of P. gingivalis isolates with genetic variation in patients with severe untreated periodontitis and to evaluate the efficacy of antiseptic mouthwashes in periodontal infection.

Background: P. gingivalis is a predominant periodontal pathogen that expresses several potential virulence factors with considerable genotypic diversity, and this may be the reason that explains its presence in a healthy patients and in patients with severe periodontitis.

Subjects and Methods: 30 patients with untreated severe periodontitis randomly divided into: Group I (10): treated with supragingival scaling only (control group), Group II (10): treated with supragingival scaling and essential oil containing antiseptic mouthwash and Group III (10): treated with supragingival scaling and chlorhexidine containing antiseptic mouthwash. Clinical parameters were carried out at baseline and after one week. Samples were collected for anaerobic cultivation and for genotyping by using Real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Results: reduction was observed and significant in all clinical parameters after chlorhexidine and essential oil mouthwashes. However, group III which received Chlorohexidine mouthwash revealing the greatest improvement at the end of the study period. P. gingivalis was detected in 32.5% and 30% of 30 periodontitis patients by conventional culture and Real-time PCR methods, respectively. Fim-A genotypes of P.gingivalis showed that Fim-A genotype IV was the predominant (16.6%) followed by Fim-A II(13.8%) and Fim-AI(11.1%) as identified by PCR.

Conclusion: Adjunctive use of chlorhexidine mouthwash was more effective than essential oil mouthwashes as assessed by clinical and microbiological parameters.

Keywords: Periodontitis, P.gingivalis, Fim-A genotypes, conventional culture and RT-PCR technique.

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Mai Shafik Attia

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