Molecular changes in OSCC are well documented with occurrence of a wide range of genetic damage. Cyclin D1 gene located on chromosome 11q13 is a positive regulator of the cell cycle. It encodes a nuclear protein that plays an important role in the tumorigenesis.

Materials and Methods: Paraffin embedded tumor sections were collected from histological confirmed OSCC patients from the Out Patient Department (OPD) of Oncology and ENT and department of pathology of the institution respectively. Buccal smear samples were obtained from 30 healthy controls. FISH technique was used to detect the numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 using the Vysis protocol.

Results: Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberrations were not found in controls. 18 (22.5.0%) cases were positive for Cyclin D1 gene numerical aberrations in OSCCs. Low level amplification were in 9 (11.3%), high level or cluster amplification were in 6 (7.5%), polysomy were in 2 (2.5%), deletion of CCND1 gene was in 1 (1.3%). P-value was greater than >0.05 so there was not statistically significant association of gender, histopathological differentiation and site of carcinoma, risk factors with numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 gene. Numerical aberrations of Cyclin D1 gene showed a significant association with lymph node metastasis (P=0.038) and stage of Carcinoma (P=0.009).

Conclusion: Analysis of the CCND1 numerical aberrations using FISH on paraffin embedded tumor section may be a useful and practical method for predicting aggressive tumors, recurrence and clinical outcome in patients with OSCCs.

Keywords: Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma, Fluorescence in Situ Hybridization, Aberrations, Cyclin D1

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Dr Dhiraj Saxena

Senior Professor, Anatomy Department, S.M.S. Medical College, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India