Title: The prevalence of comorbidities among people mainly workers of Bihar state and living with HIV/AIDS in Patna City: An observational trial done in a teaching institute
Authors: Dr Sunil Kumar Agrawal, Dr Surendra Kumar
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i9.55
Abstract
Aim: The study is aimed to evaluate the prevalence of comorbidities among people living with HIV/AIDS in Patna City.
Method: This is cross sectional observation study among 241 HIV positive patients attending Outpatient Department (OPD) at patna medical college and hospital. Per schedule, structured, self-administered qquestionnaire was used for the data collection.
Result: Respondents age range was 22-75 years where as 31-40 years (38.6%) was the modal age range. 126 (52.3%) were females,17 (48.5%) were government employees and 143 (59.5%) were married. in present job, 1-45 years were the range of working years. It had been observed that almost all participant had multiple comorbidities and among them 58 (24.3%) respondents were symptomatic. 52 (89.7%) were had fever, 6 (8.6%) were had diabetes mellitus, 26 (44.8%) were hypertensive, 21 (36.2%) were had arthritis, 7 (12.1%) were had tuberculosis and 25 (43.1%) had persistent diarrhoea. Among the respondents these were the major AIDS defining conditions present. Only significant social factor related to co-morbidities were the age above 50 years. 55 (94.8%) high pill burden, 48 (82.8%) had increased side effects, 33 (56.9%) complaining of cost of medication 79.8% were hard workplace victimization and these were the major challenges faced by the patients.
Conclusion: It was observed in these study that comorbidities of both non-AIDS defining and AIDS defining were prevalent among our respondents. The respondents who were more likely to develop comorbidities were above 50 years. Assisting management of comorbidities should include in HIV workplace policy.
Keywords: Comorbidities, Prevalence, HIV/AIDS, Patna .
References
- Health Protection Agency. HIV-diagnosed Persons Seen for Care – Survey of Prevalent HIV Infections Diagnosed (SOPHID) North West London. HPA: London, www.hpa.org.uk/webc/HPAwebFile/HPAweb_C/ 1221482345789 (accessed 23/06/2014).
- Kilbourne AM, Justice AC, Rabeneck L, Rodriguez- Barradas M andWeissman S.VACS 3 Project Team. General medical and psychiatric comorbidity among HIV-infected veterans in the post-HAART era. Journal of Clinical Epidemiology 2001;54 (Suppl 1):S22–8.
- Turner J, Bansi L, Gilson R et al. The prevalence of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection in HIV-positive indi- viduals in the UK – trends in HCV testing and the impact of HCV on HIV treatment outcomes. Journal Viral Hepatitis 2010;17:569–77.
- Sudano I, Spieker LE, Noll G, Corti R, Weber R andLuscher TF. Cardiovascular disease in HIV infection. American Heart Journal 2006;151:1147–55.
- Crothers K, Butt AA, Gibert CL et al. Increased COPD among HIV-positive compared to HIV-negative vet- erans. Chest 2006;130:1326–33.
- Chu, C., Umanski, G., Blank, A., Meissner, P., Grossberg, R., &Selwyn, P. A. (2011). Comorbidity-related treatment outcomes among HIV-infected adults in the Bronx, New Journal of Urban Health, 88(3), 507-516.
- Weiss JJ, Osorio G, Ryan E, Marcus SM, Fishbein DA. Prevalence and patient awareness of medical comorbidities in an urban AIDS clinic. AIDS Patient Care STDs. 2010;24(1):39-48.
- Lyons M., Pitts M., Grierson J., Thorpe R. and Power J., Ageing with HIV: health and psychosocial well-being of older gay men, AIDS Care, 22(10), 1236-44 (2010)
- Negin J., Martiniuk A., Cumming R.G., Naidoo N., Phaswana-Mafuya N., Madurai L., Williams S. and Kowal P., Prevalence of HIV and chronic comorbidities among older adults, AIDS, 26, S55-S63 (2012)
- Laah J.G. and Ayiwulu E., Socio-Demographic characteristics of patients diagnosed with HIV/AIDS in NasarawaEggon, Asian J Med Sci, 2(3), 114-120 (2010)
- Anyebe E.A., Hellandendu J.M. and Gyong J.E., Socio- demographic profile of people living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHA) in Idoma land, Benue Sttate, North central Nigeria: Implications for HIV/AIDS control, Intel J Soc and Anthrop, 5(5), 153-162 (2013)
- Iliyasu Z., Arotiba J.T. and Babashan M., Socio- demographic characteristics and risk factors among HIV/AIDS patients in Kano, Northern Nigeria, Niger J Med, 13(3), 267-271 (2004)
- Kolappa K, Henderson DC, Kishore SP. No physical health without mental health: lessons unlearned? Bull World Health Org 2013;91:3-3a.
- Freeman M, Patel V, Collins PY, Bertolote J. Integrating mental health in global initiatives for HIV/AIDS. Br J Psychiatry 2005;187:1-3.
- Thom RGM. HAART and Mind: Common Mental Disorders in People Living with HIV/AIDS. The Access Series. South Africa: Reach Publishers, 2012.
- Blank MB, Eisenberg MM. Tailored treatment for HIV + persons with mental illness: The intervention cascade. J Acquir Immune Deficiency Syndr 2013;63:S44-S48.
- Joska JA, Westgarth-Taylor J, Myer L, et al. Characterization of HIV associated neurocognitive disorders among individuals starting antiretroviral therapy in South Africa. AIDS Behav 2011;15(6):1197-1203.