Title: Study of Antepartal Hemorrhage with Reference to third Trimester Bleeding and its Perinatal Outcome in our Maternity Hospital of Skims Soura
Authors: Dr Shazia Nisar, Dr Shahzada Shahid Banday
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i6.161
Abstract
Introduction
APH Is defined as bleeding from or into the genital tract from 28 weeks of pregnancy till delivery of baby (end of 2nd stage). 28 weeks is taken arbitrary as lower limit of fetal viability. Incidence of APH is 2-5% of all pregnancies(1).
References
- Konje KE, Taylor DJ. Bleeding in late pregnancy.In James DJ, Steer PJ, weiner CP, Gonik B, editors. High risk pregnancy management options,2nd ed. London: Harcourt 2000
- IaN Donald practical obstetric problems; 7th edition .2014:315
- Williams obstetrics :F Gary, cunningham, Kenneth J. Leveno, Steven L. Bloom, catherine Y. Spong, jodi S, Dashe, Barbara L. Hoffman, Brian M. Casey, Jeanne S.Sheffield.24th edition:783,801,803.
- WHO 2014.Trends in maternal mortality: 1990 to 2013.Estimates by WHO, UNICEF,UNFPA. The world bank the united nations population division.
- Say L etal. Global causes of maternal death :A WHO Systematic analysis Lancet.2014;6(1):e323-33
- UNICEF, WHO, The world Bank , United Nations population division.The interagency Group for child mortality estimation (UNIGME).Levels and trends in child mortality. Report 2013 .New York, USA, UNICEF,2013.
- Cousens S, Blencowe H, Stanton C,Chou D, Ahmed S, Steinhardt L, etal. National, regional and worldwide estimates of stillbirth rates in 2009 with trends since 1995: asystematic analysis-- Lancet. 2011;377(9774):1319-30
- Rasmussen S, Albrechtsen s, Dalaker k. obstetric history and risk of placenta previa .Acta obstet Gynaecol Scans. 2000;79(6):502-7
- Antepartum hemorrhage (Green top Guidelines No.63)Royal college of obstetricians and amp; Gynaecologists. Available from https://www.rcog.org.uk/en /guidelines -research -services /guidelines/gtg63/
- Arora R, Devi U, Majumdar k.Perinatal morbidity and mortality in antepartal hemorrhage .J.obstet Gynaecol India .2001;51(3):102
- S Singhal, Nymphaea, S Nanda. Maternal and perinatal outcome in antepartum hemorrhage: A study at Tertiary care referral institute .The international journal of Gynaecology and obstetrics:2013;9(2)
- Biro MA, Davey MA, Carolan M ,etal. Advanced maternal age and obstetric morbidity for women giving birth in Victoria, Australia:a population based study. Aust NZJ obstet Gynaecol 2012;52 (3):229-34
- Ananth CV, wilcox Az, Savita DA, Bowes WA, Luther ER. Effect of maternal age and parity on the rise of uteroplacental bleeding in pregnancy. obstet Gynaecol 1996;88:511-6.