Title: Fetal Doppler versus NST as predictor of adverse perinatal outcome in severe PIH and IUGR

Authors: Ch. Deependra Singh, S.S. Surana, S.A. Inamdar

 DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v7i5.71

Abstract

Background: A  healthy  mother  and  a  healthy  baby  has  been  the  prime  objective  of  prenatal  care  since  time  immemorial. This has  gained  great  importance  in  recent  times. Hypertensive  disorders  during  pregnancy  is  the  most  common  medical  complication about  7%  of  all  primigravidas  and  a  very  common  cause  of  IUGR.

The  doppler flow velocimetry is the only means by which we can study  the  pathological  changes  in  the  placental  bed  before  the  clinical  manifestations.

NST  describe  fetal  heart  rate  acceleration  in  response  to  fetal  movement  as  a  sign  of  fetal  health.

This  study  was undertaken  to  observe  the  doppler  flow  velocity  in  the umbilical  artery  compared with NST  to  predict  perinatal  outcome  in  high  risk  pregnancies. 

Aims: To study  fetal  doppler  waveform  velocimetry  and  NST  in  PIH  and  IUGR  patients  and  correlate  with  fetal  outcome  and  prediction  of  fetal  well  being.

Settings and Design: An open, prospective  ,randomized  case  control  study.

Methods and Material: In  this  a  randomized  case  control  study  was  conducted  on  patients  in  the  Department  of  obstetrics  and  gynaecology, Jawaharlal  Nehru  Medical  college, Acharya  Vinoba  Bhave  Hospital, Sawangi  (Meghe) on 100 patients  between  july  2006  to  September  2008.

Statiscal  Analysis  Used: Calculated  as  sensitivity , specificity  ,positive  predictive  value  and  negative  predictive  value  and  the  data  analyzed  by  the  chi-  square  method.

Results: In  the  group  with  abnormal  NST  but  normal  velocimetry, there  were  more women  underlying  caeserean  delivery  for  fetal  distress .  Those  with normal  NST had  50%  caeserean  rate  and 40% required  NICU  admission, fetuses  with  abnormal velocimetry  who  also  had  a non  reactive NST are more  susceptible  to  adverse  outcome. Adverse  perinatal outcome defined as fetal distress ,CS  for  fetal  distress , admission  to  NICU.

The  group  having  one  abnormal  test (doppler or NST) was  not statiscally  significant, when  both  test  were  abnormal , the  outcome  was  statistically  worse  than  the  preceeding  three  groups ( P valve <0.001).

Conclusions: The  sensitivity  of  NST  was  only  25%  compared  to  71.42%  by  doppler  study  where  as  the  specificity  of  the  two  modalities  was  comparable  93.75%  and  88.13%  respectively.

Our  study  clearly  indicates  that  abnormal  doppler  findings  in  umbilical  artery is  a reflection of  unfavourable  outcome  to  fetal  mortality  and  morbidity  as  compared  to  NST. 

As far as  perinatal  outcome  is  concerned  it  was  more  specifically  observed  in doppler  study  than  NST  study and  a  very  reliable  diagnostic  modality  in  picking  up  cases  at  risk  of  adverse  perinatal  outcome.

Keywords: Doppler velocimetry, NST, PIH and IUGR  patients.

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