Introduction: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common and serious problem that adversely affects human health, limits longevity and increases costs of health-care systems worldwide. This study investigated lipid profile and lipid peroxidation levels as risk factors for cardiovascular disease among CKD patients.

Method: The study group consisted of 67 patients attending Nephrology Units of Usmanu Danfodiyo University Teaching Hospital (UDUTH) and Specialist Hospital, Sokoto. The total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, LDL-C and VLDL-C were analyzed using standard procedures. Atherogenic Index (AIX) was calculated from the ratio of LDL-C to HDL-C. The markers of lipid peroxidation analysed were malondialdehyde (MDA) and oxidised-Low density lipoprotein (ox-LDL).

Results: The levels of LDL-C, VLDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C ratio were significantly higher (p<0.05) while the level of HDL-C was significantly lower (p<0.05) among the CKD patients when compared to the healthy controls. The correlation of HDL with LDL/HDL ratio (Atherogenic index) showed a significant (p = 0.0001) negative correlation coefficient while LDL and LDL/HDL ratio showed a significant positive correlation coefficient. The plasma levels of malondialdehyde and oxidized LDL were significantly (p<0.05) higher in CKD patients than controls. There was a progressive increase in the plasma levels of both MDA and ox-LDL with advancing CKD. The correlation of eGFRwith markers of lipid peroxidation indicated a significant (p<0.0001) negative correlation coefficient.          

Conclusion: This study showed an increase in atherogenic index and lipid peroxidation products (MDA and ox-LDL) but a decreased HDL-cof the CKD patients, thereby increasing the cardiovascular risk of the CKD patients as CKD advances in stages.

Keywords: chronic kidney disease, malondialdehyde, atherogenic index, estimated glomerular filtration rate.

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Catherine A. Otitolaiye

Department of Biochemistry, Sokoto State University, Sokoto

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