Background:  Diabetes mellitus (DM) is increasing in men of reproductive age, and the number of diabetic men attending fertility clinics is largely increased. Testosterone is the male sex hormone, and plays a vital role in glucose homeostasis, lipid metabolism, and semen parameters.

Objectives: The aim of this study to assess serum total Testosterone levels among in infertile Sudanese males with type 2 diabetes mellitus and its relation to lipid profile and comparison with apparently healthy control.

Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted on 50 non-diabetic control group and 50 infertile diabetic men test group with age range (30-70 years). The analyzed variables age, BMI, serum levels of total Testosterone, HA1c,lipid profile ,and  semen parameters were  measured.

Results:  Serum Total Testosterone levels were significantly lower in infertile male with type diabetes when compared with control group (7.45 ± 1.07 versus 22.21 ± 3.1, p<0.000) .Where as serum HbA1c (%), triglyceride, and LDL were significantly increased (10.73±1.72 versus4.96±0.72, 102.4±12.5 versus 81.11±6.43 , 96.68±8.43 versus 84.39±6.65, p < 0.01 respectively). In addition the study observed  no significant difference in cholesrterol and HDL levels ( p > 0.05 ) in the test group when compared with their control .In comparing the results of patients with primary infertility with that with secondary infertility in the test group there is no significant difference in all measured variables (p > 0.05) . In addition serum testosterone level is significantly inversely correlated with age (r =- 0.31, p = 0.02), HbA1c (%) (r = -0.30. p = 0.02), total cholesterol (r = - 0.28. p = 0.03), and LDL (r = -0.26. P = 0.04), and insignificantly correlated with BMI, triglyceride, and HDL (p > 0.05). The testosterone level in the diabetic infertile test group illustrated significant inverse correlation with number of sperm with abnormal morphology (r= - 0.34, p= 0.01), and insignificantly correlated with  sperm count , motility and semen volume (P > 0.05) as in table 3.

Conclusion: It concluded that, type 2 diabetes mellitus significantly altered serum total testosterone level in infertile male, which is inversely correlated with dyslipidemia and semen quality.

Keywords: Glysemic control, type 2 diabetes, serum total testosterone, Lipid profile, HbA1c, semen quality.

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Abdelmula M. Abdalla

Department of Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Science, Al Neelain

University, Khartoum, Sudan