Title: Assessment of Health Status in Peri- and Postmenopausal Women Residing in Urban Slums
Authors: S.K. Panda, Bharati Panda, Shilpa Karir, Upasana Sinha, D.M. Satapathy
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i5.79
Abstract
Background: Menopause is said to be a universal reproductive phenomenon. All the women who live beyond the age of 45-50 years, experience a period of transition from reproductive to the non-reproductive stage of life. Menopause although not a disease is associated with hot flushes, night sweats, urinary and genital changes, dyspareunia, insomnia and many psychological dysfunctions such as anxiety, depression, lack of concentration and decreased self-esteem.
Objectives: (1) To identify socio-demographic factors associated with perimenopausal and postmenopausal women. (2)To study menopause associated health problems in the study population.
Methods: A community based cross sectional study was conducted on perimenopausal and postmenopausal women residing in urban slums of Burla and data regarding socio-demographic profile and health problems associated with menopause were assessed. A total of 440 individuals were enrolled for the study for a duration of three months out of which 405 participated.
Results: Hypertension was found to be most common non communicable disease among post menopausal women 137 (38.6%) followed by Diabetes mellitus 78(21.8%). Among the perimenopausal women incidence of Diabetes, Hypertension, Hypothyroidism, Hypercholesterolemia were lower i.e.8 (15.2%), 6(10.6%), 11(21%), 3(5.2%),6(10.6%) respectively. Only 35(68.4%) of women perimenopausal group experience hot flushes whereas 303 (85.5%) of post menopausal women complained of hot flushes.
Conclusion: As life expectancy and population of post-menopausal women increases, efforts are needed to educate them and make them aware about various menopausal symptoms. This will enable them to recognize these symptoms early, to seek timely medical treatment for the same and improve their quality of life.
Keywords: Menopause, Hot flushes, Hypercholesterolemia.
References
- Perimenopause Early Symptoms, Signs, Age, Test, Remedies &Treatments [Internet]. [cited 2018 Jan 25]. Available from: https://www.medicinenet.com/perimenopause/article.htm#what_causes_a_woman_to_go_through_perimenopause
- Nayak G, Kamath A, Kumar P, Rao A. A study of quality of life among perimenopausal women in selected coastal areas of Karnataka, India. J Midlife Health [Internet]. 2012 Jul [cited 2018 Jan 25];3(2):71–5.Availablefrom: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23372322
- Deotale M, Ranganathan U, Mankeshwar R, Akarte S. Study of epidemiological features of health problems in perimenopausal and postmenopausal women in an urban community. Int J Med Public Heal [Internet]. 2015;5(2):147. Availablefrom:http://ijmedph.org/article/362
- Br AA, Tk C. a Study To Assess the Average Age of Menopause and Menopause Associated Symptoms Among Rural Women in Mangalore , Karnataka. 2016;7(5):404–8.
- Val HIT, Pro H, Cd D, Ohttpx D. Clinical Practice Guidelines on Menopause. 2014;52(184):151–2.
- S PF, Baby M, Joel GO, Abhijith S, Lavanya S. Assessment of health related problems in post menopausal women : role of clinical pharmacist. 2017;6(10):800–7.
- Understanding the Menopause Contents.
- Avin Alva BR, Chethan TK. A study to assess the average age of menopause and menopause associated symptoms among rural women in Mangalore, Karnataka. Ntl J Commu-nity Med [Internet]. 2016 [cited 2018 Feb 14];7(5):404–8. Available from: www.njcmindia.org
- Sharma S, Tandon VR, Mahajan A. Menopausal Symptoms in Urban Women. JK Sci [Internet]. [cited 2018 Feb 14];9(1). Available from: http://jkscience.org/archive/volume91/menopausal.pdf
- Kapur P, Sinha B, Pereira BM. Measuring climacteric symptoms and age at natural menopause in an Indian population using the Greene Climacteric Scale. 2009;16:378–84.
- Kriplani A, Banerjee K. An overview of age of onset of menopause in Northern Maturitas 2005. Nov- Dec;52 (3-4):199-204.
- Shah R, Kalgutkar S, Savardekar L, Chitlang S, Iddya U, Balaiah D. Menopausal symptoms in urban Indian women. Obs & Gynae Today 2004; 11(10):667-70
- Singh A, Pradhan SK. Menopausal symptoms of postmenopausal women in a rural community of Delhi, India: A crosssectional study. J Mid-life Health 2014;5:62-7.
- Blümel JE, Chedraui P, Baron G, Belzares E, Bencosme A, Calle A, Danckers L, Espinoza MT, Flores D, Gomez G, Hernandez-Bueno JA, Izaguirre H, Leon-Leon P. Menopausal symptoms appear before the menopause and persist 5 years beyond: a detailed analysis of a multinational study. Climacteric. 2012 Apr 24