Title: Comparative Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D Supplementation in Pregnancy and its Correlation with Fetomaternal Outcome
Authors: Preeti Agrawal, Kamlesh Yadav, Swati Falodia, Shweta Chaudhary
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i5.14
Abstract
Introduction: Vitamin D deficiency is a common and increasing problem and concerns have been raised that there may be an epidemic of such deficiency in pregnancy. Vitamin D may be important in the pathogenesis of severe preeclampsia & preterm birth.
Aim: The aim of the present study was to estimate the association between intake of vitamin D during pregnancy and the risk of preeclampsia & preterm birth.
Method: We performed a prospective observational study in 200 pregnant women with singleton pregnancy at 12-16 weeks of gestational age as cases, Serum vitamin D tested at 1st trimester & again in 3rd trimester. Observations for antenatal complications like preeclampsia and foetal outcome was done and correlated to serum vitamin D levels among those who took the supplementation and those who did not, and analyzed.
Result: The mean vitamin D level was 16.76±6.56 ng/ml. Supplementation was done in 40 vitamin D deficient women. The mean vitamin D level in the 1st trimester increased from 13.74±4.84 to 27.12±7.19 in 3rd trimester (p value = 0.0001). According to serum vitamin D in 3rd trimester, the incidence of preeclampsia was found much higher in vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) group i.e. 28(36.36%) as compared with vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) group i.e. 3(4.17%). No case of preeclampsia in vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/ml) group. Incidence of Preterm Baby was found slightly higher in vitamin D deficiency (<20 ng/ml) group i.e. 20(25.97%) as compared with vitamin D insufficiency (20-30 ng/ml) group i.e. 16(22.22%). 2 case(3.92%) of Preterm Baby was found in vitamin D sufficiency (>30 ng/ml) group.
Conclusion: High prevalence of vitamin D deficiency in pregnancy was found in our study. Higher vitamin D levels (>30 ng/ml) is associated with better fetomaternal outcome. Supplementation of vitamin D in pregnancy is safe & should be given.
Keywords: Vitamin D supplementation; Preeclampsia; Preterm birth.
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