Title: Prevalence and association of Depression with other chronic morbidities among adults in an urban area of Haryana
Authors: Dr Neelam Kumar, Dr Hitesh Khurana, Dr Neeraj Pawar, Dr Vikram A, Dr Gaurav Rajawat
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i3.132
Abstract
Background: Depression is the leading cause of ill health and disability worldwide. According to WHO, more than 300 million people are now living with depression and many of them with chronic co-morbidity.
Materials & Methods: There were 14 AWCs in the study area, 6 AWCs area were selected using probability proportionate to size and 100 households were surveyed from each selected area, using systematic random sampling, making a total of 600 households.
Results: The overall crude prevalence of depression was 16.2 % (97/600) using PHQ-9.Out of total 600 study participants, 37.7% had one or more chronic morbidity (already diagnosed). Prevalence of depression was higher in study participants with chronic morbidity (20.4%) as compared to those who had no chronic morbidity (15.8%) and this difference was found statistically significant (p value <0.05).
Conclusion: In the end it can be concluded that the prevalence of depression among adults in an urban area of Haryana was found to be 16.2%.Presence of chronic co-morbidities was significantly associated with depression.
Keywords: Depression, Urban, Adults, Co-morbidity.
References
- World Health Organization. “Depression: let’s talk” says WHO, as depression tops list of causes of ill health [Internet]. Geneva:World Health Organization; 2017 [cited 2017 Oct 10]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2017/world-health-day/en/
- World Health Organization. Depression [Internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2017 [cited 2017 Oct 20]. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs369/en/
- Kishore J, Reddaiah V, Kapoor V, Gill J. Characteristics of mental morbidity in a rural primary health center of Haryana. Indian J Psychiatry. 1996;38(3):137–42.
- Amin G, Shah S, Vankar GK. The prevelance and recognition of depression in primary care. Indian J Psychiatry. 1998;40(4):364–9.
- Pothen M, Kuruvilla A, Philip K, Joseph A, Jacob KS. Common mental disorders among primary care attenders in Vellore, South India: nature, prevalence and risk factors. Int J Soc Psychiatry. 2003;49(2):119–25.
- Charlson FJ, Baxter AJ, Cheng HG, Shidhaye R, Whiteford HA. The burden of mental, neurological, and substance use disorders in China and India: a systematic analysis of community representative epidemiological studies. Lancet. 2016;388:376–89.
- Ferrari AJ, Charlson FJ, Norman RE, Patten SB, Freedman G, Murray CJL, et al. Burden of Depressive Disorders by Country, Sex, Age, and Year: Findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. PLoS Med [Internet]. 2013[cited 2017 Oct 7];10(11):e1001547. Available from:http://journals.plos.org/plosmedicine/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pmed.1001547&type=printable
- Rao T, Tandon A, Saraswathi N, Darshan M, Raman R, Karthik K, et al. Suttur study: An epidemiological study of psychiatric disorders in south Indian rural population. Indian J Psychiatry. 2014;56 (3):238-45.
- Shidhaye R, Gangale S, Patel V. Prevalence and treatment coverage for depression: a population-based survey in Vidarbha, India. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol. 2016;51(7):993–1003.
- Mathias K, Goicolea I, Kermode M, Singh L, Shidhaye R, Sebastian MS. Cross-sectional study of depression and help-seeking in Uttarakhand, North India. BMJ Open [Internet]. 2015[cited 2017 Oct 7];5(11):e008992. Available from: http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/ bmjopen-2015-008992
- Pilania M, Bairwa M, Khurana H, Kumar N. Prevalence and predictors of depression in community-dwelling elderly in rural Haryana, India. Indian J Community Med. 2017;42(1):13–8.
- Padma K, Kashi R, Rao R, Sita B, Chandra S, Deotale PG. A Study on Socio Demographic and Psychological Risk Factors for Depression among Adult Population of Karimnagar District. Indian J Public Heal Res Dev. 2015;6(2):193–8.
- Grover S, Dutt A, Avasthi A. An overview of Indian research in anxiety disorders. Indian J Psychiatry. 2010;52(7):178-88.
- Patel V, Kirkwood BR, Pednekar S, Weiss H, Mabey D. Risk factors for common mental disorders in women: Population-based longitudinal study. Br J Psychiatry. 2006;189(6):547–55.
- Patel V. Gender Disadvantage and Reproductive Health Risk Factors for Common Mental Disorders in Women. Arch Gen Psychiatry. 2006;63:404–13.
- Patel V, Chisholm D, Kirkwood BR, Mabey D. Prioritizing health problems in women in developing countries: Comparing the financial burden of reproductive tract infections, anaemia and depressive disorders in a community survey in India. Trop Med Int Heal. 2007;12(1):130–9.
- Chandran M, Tharyan P, Muliyil J, Abraham S. Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India: Incidence and risk factors Post-partum depression in a cohort of women from a rural area of Tamil Nadu, India. 2013;499–504.
- Patel V, Rodrigues M, DeSouza N. A Study of Mothers in Goa , India. Am J Psychiatry. 2002;159(1):43–7.
- Poongothai S, Pradeepa R, Ganesan A, Mohan V. Prevalence of depression in a large urban south Indian population - The Chennai urban rural epidemiology study (cures - 70). PLoS One [Internet]. 2009 [cited 2017 Sep 7];4(9):e7185. Available from:http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0007185&type=printable
- Sethi B, Prakash R. Depression in Industrial population. Indian J Psychiatry. 1979;21:359–61.
- Mukeshimana M, Mchunu G. The co-morbidity of depression and other chronic noncommunicable diseases: a review of literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis and health effects. Rwanda J. 2016;3(1):44–50.
- Mafuya N, Peltzer K, Chirinda W, Musekiwa A, Kose Z, Hoosain E, et al. Self-reported prevalence of chronic non-communicable diseases and associated factors among older adults in South Africa. Glob Health Action [Internet]. 2013[cited 2017 Oct 7];6: 20936. Available from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3779355/pdf/GHA-6-20936.pdf
- Sundru M, Goru K. Epidemiological study of depression among population above 60 years in Visakhapatnam, India. Int J Med Sci Public Heal. 2013;2(3):695–702.
- Kader Maideen SF, MohdSidik S, Rampal L, Mukhtar F. Prevalence, associated factorsand predictors of depression among adults in the community of Selangor, Malaysia. PLoSOne [Internet]. 2014[cited 2017 Oct 7];9(4):e95395. Available from:http://journals.plos.org/plosone/article/file?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0095395&type=printable.
- Mukeshimana M, Mchunu G. The co-morbidity of depression and other chronic non-communicable diseases: a review of literature on the epidemiology, diagnosis and health effects. Rwanda J. 2016;3 (1):44–50.
- Rajkumar AP, Thangadurai P, Senthilkumar P, Gayathri K, Prince M, Jacob KS. Nature, prevalence and factors associated with depression among the elderly in a rural south Indian community. IntPsychogeriatrics. 2009;21(2):372–8.