Title: Effect of Oral Contraceptives on Lipid Profile in Premenopausal Indian Women
Authors: Dr Harmohinder Kumar Attri (Assistant Prof.), Dr Tejinder Singh
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i3.78
Abstract
Background: Fertility regulation has acquired great importance in the field of human reproduction. The use of synthetic progestogens has completely revolutionized the field of contraception as these offers a reliable, safe, easy and reversible method of contraception. We aim to examine the lipid and lipoprotein changes in women taking low dose oral contraceptives.
Aim: To study the effect of oral contraceptives on Lipid profile of Premenopausal Indian women.
Material and Method: This hospital-based study was conducted on 100 pre-menopausal women, 50 as control and 50 as cases, age and gender matched. Blood Sample were taken in plain vial and lipid profile was done on each sample on Semiautoanalyzer. Results were collected and analyses statically.
Result: The mean value of serum cholesterol in cases group and control group were 193.48± 14.49 mg% and 184.46± 13.58 mg% respectively with p value of <0.001 serum triglyceride is 91.16±11.04 mg% and 85.26±11.03 mg% respectively with p value of <0.01. Mean value of HDL in cases and control were 44.70±5.12 mg% and 46.62±5.11 mg% with p value of >0.05.This shows that serum total cholesterol and serum triglyceride shows statically significant association while serum HDL shows no association.
Conclusion: Tablet Mala- D causes very significant increase in total serum cholesterol and LDL cholesterol, triglycerides while there was no significant change in HDL cholesterol levels and it is almost 100 % effective in preventing pregnancy.
Keywords: Mala –D, Serum Cholesterol, Serum Triglyceride, HDL.
References
- Aldersberf,D: J Med .23:769,1957
- Aftergood L,Hernandel H.J and Alfinslater R B.:Lipid Research.9:447,1968
- Aurell and Cramer K.Rybi:Lancet 1:291,1966
- Morris, Notelovitz, Etaine B ,Feldman, Morjorie Gillespy and Jack Gudat :Am J. Obstet .Gynaecol,160:1269-80,1989
- Oliver MF. and Boyd, GS.:Brit. Med.Bull.14:239,1958
- Watson WC.:Clin Sci.16:475,1957
- Russel ;Eder,H.A.and Barr,D.P.:Am .J.Med.19:4,1955
- Gershberg H.;Hulse,M.and Javier, Z.: Obst ,& Gynae.31:186,1968
- Pincus G, Garcia ,C R.,Rock J ,Paniequa M.:Clin.Obst.Gynae.7:844,1964.
- Wynn V, Doar J W H.and Mills L.: Lancet .2:120.1966
- Hood B and Cramer :Acta .Med .Scand. 165:459,1959.
- Muller MN.and Kappas A.: J.Clin.Invest.43:1905,1964
- Sherlock S.:Ann.Intern.Med.65:397,1966
- Paola GD , Puchulu F, Robin M , Nicolson R, Martin M : Amr J Of Obs and Gynae :Vol 101,issue 2 15 May 1968 206-216
- Spellacy WN: Metabolic Effects of Gonadal Hormones and Contraceptive Steroids © Plenum Press, New York 1969
- Nestel PJ and Steinberg D: J Lipid .Res.4:461,1963
- Gerald M, Reaven, Roger L. Lerner, Michael P. Stern, and John W: FarquharJ Clin Invest. 1967 Nov; 46(11): 1756–1767.
- Shoemaker WC, Carruthers PJ, Elwyn DH and Ashmore,J: Am. J. Physiolo. 203: 919, 1962.
- Bagdade JD, Parte D and Bierman EL:New Eng J . Med., 219:181 1968
- Jones DR, Schmidt RJ, Pickard RT, Foxworthy PS, Eacho PI. Estrogen receptor-mediated repression of human hepatic lipase gene transcription. J Lipid Res 2002;43:383–91.
- Sitruk-Ware RL, Menard J, Rad M, et al. Comparison of the impact of vaginal and oral administration of combined hormonal contraceptives on hepatic proteins sensitive to estrogen. Contraception 2007;75: 430–7.
- Endrikat J, Klipping C, Cronin M, et al. An open label, comparative study of the effects of a dose-reduced oral contraceptive containing 20 µg ethinyl estradiol and 100 µg levonorgestrel on hemostatic, lipids, and carbohydrate metabolism variables. Contraception 2002;65: 215–21.
- Skouby SO, Endrikat J, Dusterberg B, et al. A 1-year randomized study to evaluate the effects of a dose reduction in oral contraceptives on lipids and carbohydrate metabolism: 20 µg ethinyl estradiol combined with 100 µg levonorgestrel. Contraception 2005;71:111–7.
- Barkfeldt J, Virkkunen A, Dieben T. The effects of two progestogenonly pills containing either desogestrel (75 µg/day) or levonorgestrel (30 µg/day) on lipid metabolism. Contraception 2001;64:295–9.
- Chrisandra L. Shufelt, C. Noel Bairey Merz, Contraceptive Hormone Use and Cardiovascular Disease. Journal of the American College of Cardiology Vol. 53, No. 3, 2009© ISSN 0735-1097/09.
- Naz F, Jyoti S, Akhtar N, Afzal M, Siddique YH: Lipid profile of women using oral contraceptive pills.Pak J Biol Sci.2012 Oct 1;15(19):947-50.
- George A Asare,Sheila Santa, Robert A Ngala, Bernice Asiedu, Daniel Afriyie, and Albert GB Amoah: Effect of hormonal contraceptives on lipid profile and the risk indices for cardiovascular disease in a Ghanaian community. Int J Womens Health. 2014; 6: 597–603.
- Abida Sultana , Kashefa khatun , Al Mamun Mahbub Alam: Duration of Oral Contraceptives Use and Risk of Development of Dyslipidemia among Women in Dhaka City: Journal of Science Foundation July 2016;14(2):40-43.