Abstract
Objective: To evaluate the anti- inflammatory effects of Gabapentin alone and as adjuvant with diclofenac by using formalin induced paw edema model.
Methods: After acclimatization of one week, adult winstar albino rats were divided into two groups: control and treatment (n=6). Treatment group received diclofenac (10 mg/kg), gabapentin (20 mg/kg), and gabapentin (20 mg/kg) + diclofenac (10 mg/kg) respectively. Paw edema was produced by injecting 0.2ml of 2% formalin subcutaneously on the dorsal surface of right hind paw. Animals received drug treatment 30 minutes before injection of formalin and paw volume was measured at 0, 30, 60, 120 and 240 minutes after formalin challenge with help of water plethysmometer.
Results: Both gabapentin alone and in combination with diclofenac caused a significant reduction (p< 0.01) in rat paw edema when compared to group given saline only. Reduction in paw edema with gabapentin and diclofenac was significantly superior when compared with either drug alone.
Conclusions: Combination of gabapentin and diclofenac showed synergistic anti-inflammatory
effect as compared to either drug alone or combination with diclofenac groups.
Keywords: Diclofenac, Gabapentin, Water Plethysmometer, Inflammation.
References
- Rankin JA. Biological mediators of acute inflammation. AACN Clin Issues. 2004 Jan-Mar;15(1):3-17.
- Manish Mittal, Mohammad Rizwan Siddiqui, Khiem Tran, Sekhar P. Reddy, and Asrar B. Malik. Reactive Oxygen Species in Inflammation and Tissue Injury. Antioxidant & Redox signalling. 2014:20(7) 7.
- Jun-Ming Zhang and Jianxiong An. Cytokines, Inflammation and Pain. Int Anesthesiol Clin. 2007 Spring.2007; 45(2): 27–37.
- Kumar, Abbas, Aster. Inflammation and Repair. Robbins and Cotran Pathologic Basis of Disease.9th Chapter 3,page no 73-96.
- Goyal, Sarita. (2015). Modulatory Role of Morphine and Gabapentin as Anti-inflammatory Agents Alone and on Coadministration with Diclofenac in Rat Paw Edema. American Journal of Pharmacology and Pharmacothe-rapeutics 2015;2(1):056-061
- Xianxin Hua, Xuedong Liu, Dominic O. Ansari, and Harvey F. Lodish,1998. Synergistic cooperation of TFE3 and Smad proteins in TGF-β-induced transcription of the plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 geneGenes & Dev. 1998;12: 3084-3095.
- Yoshida T., Yamagishi S., Nakamura K., Matsui T., Imaizum T. Telmisartan inhibits AGE-induced C-reactive protein production through down regulation of the receptor for AGE via PPAR-γ activation. Diabetologia. 2006;49:3094–3099
- Colleen R. McNamara, Josh Mandel-Brehm, Diana M. Bautista, Jan Siemens, Kari L. Deranian, Michael Zhao, Neil J. Hayward, Jayhong A. Chong, David Julius, Magdalene M. Moran, Christopher M. Fanger Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2007 Aug 14; 104(33): 13525–13530.
- Sherrington CS. The Integrative Action of the Nervous System. New York: Charles Scribner’s Sons; 1906
- Jordana Maia Dias, Tarcisio Vieira de Brito, Diva de Aguiar Magalhães, Pammela Weryka da Silva Santos, Jalles Arruda Batista, Eulina Gabriela do Nascimento Dias, Heliana de Barros Fernandes, Samara Rodrigues Bonfim Damasceno, Renan O. Silva, Karoline S. Aragão, Marcellus H. L. P. Souza,2 Jand-Venes R. Medeiros, and André Luiz R. Barbosa. Gabapentin, a Synthetic Analogue of Gamma Aminobutyric Acid, Reverses Systemic Acute Inflammation and Oxidative Stress in Mice. Inflammation. 2014; 37 (5):1826-36.
- Gee NS, Brown JP, Dissanayake VU, Offord J, Thurlow R, Woodruff GN (1996). The novel anticonvulsant drug, gabapentin (Neurontin), binds to the alpha2delta subunit of a calcium channel. J Biol Chem.1996; 271: 5768–5776.
- Schmelz M, Petersen LJ. Neurogenic inflammation in human and rodent skin. News Physiol Sci. 2001;16:33–37
- R. Cámara-Lemarroy, F. J. Guzmán-de La Garza, and N. E. Fernández-Garza, “Molecular inflammatory medi-ators in peripheral nerve degeneration and regeneration,” NeuroImmuno Modulation.2010;17(5):314–324.
- Fregnan F, Muratori L, Simões AR, Giacobini-Robecchi MG, Raimondo S. Role of inflammatory cytokines in peripheral nerve injury. Neural Regene-ration Research. 2012;7(29):2259-2266. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1673-5374.2012.29.003.
- Yang JL, Xu B, Li SS, Zhang WS, Xu H, Deng XM, Zhang YQ. Mol Brain. 2012 May 30;5:18. doi: 10.1186/1756-6606-5-18.
- Singh M, Kumar V, Singh I, Gauttam V, Kalia AN. Anti-inflammatory activity of aqueous extract of Mirabilis jalapa Linn. leaves. Pharmacognosy Research. 2010;2(6):364-367.
- Mulla W, Kuchekar S, Thorat V, Chopade A, Kuchekar B. Antioxidant, Antinociceptive and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Ethanolic Extract of Leaves of Alocasia indica (Schott.). Journal of Young Pharmacists : JYP. 2010;2(2):137-143. doi:10.4103/0975-1483.63152
- Tjolsen A, Berge OG, Hunskaar S, Rosland JH, Hole K. The formalin test: an evaluation of the method. Pain. 1992; 51: 5-17
- de Queiroz, D. P. de Lira, T. D. L. M. F. Dias et al., “The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Piptadenia stipulacea Benth. (Fabaceae),” Journal of Ethnopharm-acology.2010;128(2):. 377–383, 2010.
Corresponding Author
Akhilesh Kumar
Junior Resident, Dept of Pharmacology, 4th Floor, Rims,
Ranchi, Bariatu, Jharkhand, Pin Code 834009 India
Mob No 9110156584, Email: This email address is being protected from spambots. You need JavaScript enabled to view it.