Title: Study of Proportion of Anemia and Variation of Hematological Parameters in Pregnancy
Authors: Avishesh Kumar Singh, T.B.Uma Devi, N Gandhi, Vimal M
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v6i2.31
Abstract
Introduction: Anemia in pregnancy is very common in India and one of the major cause of maternal mortality. Pregnancy leads to physiological anemia but may turn in to Pathological anemia in advanced pregnancy.
It was WHO has estimated that prevalence of anemia in developed and developing countries in pregnant women are 14% and 51% respectively and in India, it is observed that mean Hemoglobin (Hb) level was inversely related parity.
About one third of the global population are anemic and anemia during pregnancy is considered significant as it leads to fetal and maternal disorders. Anemia during pregnancy is considered severe when Hb% is less than 7.0 gm/dl, moderate when Hb% falls between 7.0-9.9 gm/dl and mild form 10 to 10.9 gm/dl. Pregnant women are prone to develop anemia because they tend to have an increased demand of iron to increase their erythrocyte mass and to supply iron to the developing fetus.
Methodology: The present study comprised of 205 Antenatal patients. Blood sample of all Pregnant women who came for antenatal check up to the department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, Sri Manakula Vinayagar Medical College & Hospital [SMVMCH] puducherry in the reproductive age group (19-45years) was taken during the study period of 18 months. Out of 205 pregnant women, 45 of them were registered in the 1st trimester. The remaining 80 were registered in the 2nd & 80 in 3rd trimester respectively. Detailed history including literacy and socioeconomic status was noted.
Results: Out of 205 patients, 80(39.1%) were diagnosed as iron deficiency anemia followed by 43(20.9%) as dimorphic anemia, 37(18.1%) Normocytic Normochromic anemia, 45(21.9%) as normal blood picture from the peripheral smear and from the results of complete blood counts.
Iron deficiency anemia was the most common disease group in the present study followed by dimorphic anemia and lastly Normocytic Normochromic anemia. Iron deficiency anemia was more prevalent among patients of third trimester.
Conclusion: Anemia is a wide spread global public health problem. Women are particularly vulnerable, and more than half of all pregnant women in developing countries suffer from anemia. Iron deficiency is the primary cause, but a variety of other nutritional deficiencies and infectious diseases contribute significantly to the global burden of anemia. The consequences of anemia are serious and include economic losses, maternal mortality and adverse birth outcomes. It can be concluded that altered hematological indices such as hemoglobin, red blood cell (RBC) count, white blood cell (WBC) count,)packed cell volume (PCV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) and Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) are seen during normal pregnancy. Educating women on early ANC booking and compliance with the use of balance diet, adequate nutritional supplements prescribed medications should also be emphasised.
Keywords: anemia, pregnancy, proportion, packed red cell, hematological variations.
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