Title: Gall Bladder Carcinoma: Computed Tomographic Findings in 50 cases
Authors: Dr Ashok K Mandal, Dr Sithanthaseelan M, Dr Vinita Thakur
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i7.64
Abstract
Background: Gall bladder carcinoma (GBC) is diagnosed late and is twice as common among women in the gangetic belt of north India. GBC are most commonly associated with cholelithiasis. Mortality rate is very high with 5 year survival rate at 5%.
Aim and Method: Here we assess retrospectively with computed tomography (CECT) scan imaging findings in histopathologically proven cases of GBC to review the most relevant findings associated with gallbladder cancer. This study included 50 patients presented to us during the period from November 2016 till May 2017 and underwent ultrasonography followed by computed tomographic imaging using contrast and triphasic CECT.
Result: 28 patients had an infiltrating mass infiltrating into the liver or adjacent bowel. 16 patients presented with focal or diffuse intraluminal mass and mural thickening of the gall bladder was detected in 6 patients.
Conclusion: CECT is the diagnostic modality of choice for detecting, evaluating and characterizing the lesion.
Keywords: Gall bladder carcinoma, gangetic belt, infiltrating mass, cholelithiasis, computed tomography (CECT).
References
1. Lazcano-Ponce EC, Miquel JF, Muñoz N, et al. Epidemiology and molecular pathology of gallbladder cancer. CA: Cancer J Clin 2001. 2001;51(6):349–364.
2. A.D. Levy, L.A. Murakata, C.A. Rohrmann Jr. Gallbladder carcinoma: radiologic–pathologic correlation. Radiographics, 21 (2001), pp. 295–314
3. Abhishek Vijayakumar, Avinash Vijayakumar, Vijayraj Patil, M. N. Mallikarjuna, and B. S. Shivaswamy, “Early Diagnosis of Gallbladder Carcinoma: An Algorithm Approach,” ISRN Radiology, vol. 2013, Article ID 239424, 6 pages, 2013. doi:10.5402/2013/239424.
4. S.E. Jung, J.M. Lee, K. Lee, et al. Gallbladder wall thickening: MR imaging and pathologic correlation with emphasis on layered pattern
5. Fong Y, Kemeny N, Lawrence TS. Cancer of the Liver andBiliary tree. In: DeVita VT Jr, Hellman S, Rosenberg SA,editors. Cancer : Principles and Practice of Oncology. 6thed.Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams and Wilkins, 2002; 1187-202.
6. H.U. Sons, F. Borchard, B.S. Joel Carcinoma of the gallbladder: autopsy findings in 287 cases and review of the literature J Surg Oncol, 28 (1985), pp. 199–206
7. Grulich AE. Mcredie M. Coates M. Cancer incidence in Asian migrants to New South Wales Australia. Br J Cancer 1995;71:400-408.
8. D. Grand, K.M. Horton, E.K. Fishman CT of the gallbladder: spectrum of disease AJR, 183 (2004), pp. 163–170
9. Chun KA, Ha HK, Yu ES, Shinn KS. Xantho-granulomatous cholecystitis : CT features with emphasis on differentiation from gallbladder carcinoma. Radiology 1997; 203 : 93-7.
10. Soo Jin Kim, Jeong Min Lee, Jae Young Lee, et al. Analysis of enhancement pattern of flat gallbladder wall thickening on MDCT to differentiate gallbladder cancer from cholecystitis
11. Haaga JR, Herbener EH. The gallbladder and biliary tract. In: Haaga JR, Lanzieri CF, Gilkeson RC, editors. CT and MR Imaging of the whole body. 4th ed. St Louis: Mosby, 2003; 1357-60.
12. E.J. Yun, S.G. Cho, S. Park, et al. Gallbladder carcinoma and chronic cholecystitis: differentiation with two-phase spiral CT Abdominal Imaging, 29 (2004), pp. 102–108
13. Yoshimitsu K, Honda H, Shinoraki K, Aibe H. Helical CT of the local spread of carcinoma of the gallbladder: evaluation according to the TNM system in patients who underwent surgical resection. Amer J Roentgen 2002; 179: 423-8
14. Kim BS, Ha HK, Lee IJ, Kim JH. Accuracy of CT in staging of Gallbladder carcinoma. Acta Radiol 2002; 43 : 25.
15. Kumaran V, Gulati S, Paul B, Pande K. The role of dual phase helical CT in assessing resectability of carcinoma of the gallbladder. Europ Radiol 2002; 12: 1993-9.
16. Kapoor VK, McMichael AJ. Gallbladder cancer: An ‘Indian’ disease. The Nat Med Jour India. 2003;16:209–213.
17. National Cancer Registry Program Report. http://www.icmr.nic.in/ncrp/PBCR_Report%202009_2011. Accessed on 22 April 2015.