Title: Seroprevalence of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Hepatitis Viruses, and Co-Infections among Blood Donors at Indore, Central India
Authors: O. P. Moorjani, Ashok Yadav, C.S. Chhatrasal, Shikha Ghanghoria, Amrita Tripathi, Priya Jain
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.179
Abstract
Background: Transfusion infectious agents such as human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis B virus (HBV) and, hepatitis C virus (HCV) are among the greatest threats to blood safety for recipients. They are also the leading causes of death and chronic and life-threatening abnormalities.
Methods: Serological screening was performed on 42582 blood donors at the M.Y. Hospital blood bank, Indore, M.P. India between January 2008 and December 2010. We applied post-stratification weights to control for sampling bias and used logistic regression analyses to examine the association of seropositivity and co-infections with sex, age, provinces of residence, and year of blood donation.
Result: Majority of donors are voluntary donors (73.85%) and male donors (97.66%). Seroprevalence of HBV, HIV and HCV are 1.97 %, 0.185 % and 0.032 % respectively. Age group 26-35 year are show higher seroprevalence (1.023 %) for all types of transfusion transmitted disease.
Conclusion: A suitably conducted that the time and cost involved screening, notification and counseling of permanently deferred donors will help in reducing these co-infections rates.
Key Words: Blood donors, Co-infections, Hepatitis B, HIV infection.
References
1. Bihl F, Castelli D, Marincola F, Dodd RY, Brander C. Transfusion-transmitted infections. J Transl Med 2007; 5:25.
2. World Health organization. Regional office for Africa. Blood safety: a strategy for the African region. Procedural decisions and resolutions. Final report. Fifty first session of WHO regional committee for Africa. WHO AFR /RC51/9 Rev.1 Brazzaville: World Health Organization, Regional Office for Africa; 2001; 7.
3. Tapko JB, Sam O, Diarra-Nama AJ. Status of blood safety in the WHO African Region: report of the 2004 survey. Brazzaville: WHO Regional Office for Africa. 2007;1–25.
4. Tiwari BR, Ghimmire P, Karki S, Raj Kumar M. Seroprevalence of human immunodeficiency virus in Nepalese blood donors: A study from three regional blood transfusion services. Asian J TransfusSci 2008; 2:66-8.
5. Rockstroh JK. Influence of viral hepatitis on HIV infection. J Hepatol 2006;44(1):525-7
6. Jones R, Dunning J, Nelson M. HIV and hepatitis C co-infection. Int J ClinPract 2005; 59:1082-7.
7. Thio CL: Hepatitis B in the human immunodeficiency virus-infected patient: epidemiology, natural history, and treatment. Semin Liver Dis 2003; 23:125-36.
8. Malik V. Law relating to drugs and cosmetics. 22nd edition, Lucknow: Eastern Book Company.2011.
9. Adjei AA, Kudzi W, Armah H, Adiku T, Amoah AG, Ansah J: Prevalence of antibodies to syphilis among blood donors in Accra, Ghana. Jpn J Infect Dis. 2003, 56: 165-167.
10. Madhava V, Burgess C, Drucker E: Epidemiology of chronic hepatitis C virus infection in sub-Saharan Africa. Lancet Infect Dis. 2002, 2: 293-302.
11. Jacob B, Mayaud P, Changalucha J, Todd J, Ka-Gina G, Grosskurth H, Berege ZA: Sexual transmission of hepatitis B in Mwanza, Tanzania. Sex Transm Dis. 1997, 24: 121-126.
12. Ampofo W, Nii-Treb N, Ansah J, et al: Prevalence of blood-borne infectious diseases in blood donors in Ghana. J ClinMicrobiol. 2002, 40: 3523-3525.
13. Mbanya DN, Takam D, Ndumbe PM: Serological findings among first time blood donors in Younde Cameroon. Transfus Med. 2003, 13: 267-273.
14. Candotti D, Mundy C, Kadewele G, Nkhoma W, Bates I, Allain JP: Serological and molecular screening for viruses in blood donors from Ntcheu, Malawi: high prevalence of HIV-1 subtype C and of markers of hepatitis B and C viruses. Med Virol. 2001, 65: 1-5.
15. Oronsaye FE, Oronsaye JI: Prevalence of HIV-positives and hepatitis B surface antigen-positives among donors in the University of Benin Teaching Hospital, Nigeria. Trop Doct. 2004, 34: 159-60.
16. Uneke CJ, Ogbu O, Inyama PU, Anyanwu GI, Njoku MO, Idoko JH: Prevalence of hepatitis-B surface antigen among blood donors and human immunodeficiency virus-infected patients in Jos, Nigeria. MemInstOswaldo Cruz. 2005, 100: 13-16.
17. Matee MI, Lyamuya EF, Mbena EC, Magessa PM, Sufi J, Marwa GJ, Mwasulama OJ, Mbwana J: Prevalence of transfusion-associated viral infections and syphilis among blood donors in Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. East Afr Med J. 1999, 76: 167-1671.
18. The United Republic of Tanzania. Ministry of Health. Tanzania Mainland. National AIDS Control programme. HIV/AIDS/STI surveillance. January to December, 2002. Report no. 17. 2003
19. Kwesigabo G, Killewo JZ, Urassa W, Mbena E, Mhalu F, Lugalla JL, Godoy C, Biberfeld G, Emmelin M, Wall S, Sandstrom A: Monitoring of HIV-1 infection prevalence and trends in the general population using pregnant women as a sentinel population: 9 years experience from the Kagera region of Tanzania. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr. 2000, 15: 410-7.
20. Kwesigabo G, Killewo J, Godoy C, Urassa W, Mbena E, Mhalu F, Biberfeld G, Wall S, Sandstrom A: Decline in the prevalence of HIV-1 infection in young women in the Kagera region of Tanzania. J Acquir Immune DeficSyndr Hum Retrovirol. 1998, 17: 262-8.
21. Dokekias AE, Okandze-Elenga JP, Kinkouna AG, Lepfoundzou AB, Garcia S: Seroprevalence of viral hepatitis C in Brazzaville, Congo. Bull SocPatholExot. 2003, 96: 279-282.
22. Kallestrup P, Zinyama R, Gomo E, et al: Low prevalence of hepatitis C virus antibodies in HIV-endemic area of Zimbabwe support sexual transmission as the major route of HIV transmission in Africa. AIDS. 2003, 17: 1400-1402.
23. Gumodoka B, Vos J, Kigadye FC, van Asten H, Dolmans WM, Borgdorff MW: Blood transfusion practices in Mwanza Region, Tanzania. Bugando Medical Centre. AIDS. 1993, 7: 387-392.
24. Vos J, Gumodoka B, van Asten HA, Berege ZA, Dolmans WM, Borgdorff MW: Changes in blood transfusion practices after the introduction of consensus guidelines in Mwanza region, Tanzania. AIDS. 1994, 8: 1135-1140.