Title: Comparison of Fasting and Non Fasting Lipid Profile and Lipoprotein (a) in Healthy Adult Population
Authors: Ashok Duggal, B. S. Bal, Minakshi Sharma, Rajvir Singh
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.131
Abstract
Background: Serum lipid profile and Lp(a) levels are routinely measured for cardiovascular disease risk prediction. This study aimed to compare the fasting and non fasting lipid profile and Lp(a) in healthy adults and to find any variation.
Methods: Data was examined from 200 healthy adults of 20-60 years after thoroughly examining and applying exclusion criteria, fasting after 10 hour of overnight fast and approx 2 hour after breakfast blood samples were drawn and subjected to testing for lipid profile and Lp(a).
Result: The variation of fasting and non fasting total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-cholesterol, LDL-cholesterol, Non HDL-cholesterol, total cholesterol/HDL-cholesterol ratio and lipoprotein(a) were found to be 2.03%, 9.50%, 1.24%, 5.20%, 2.24%, 0.84%, 3.15% respectively. The triglycerides variation of fasting and non-fasting was found to be statistically significant among all these. (p value<0.05).
Conclusion: Non fasting lipid profile and Lp(a) levels are appropriate for assessment of risk of cardiovascular diseases.
References
1. Gaziano TA. Economic burden and the cist-effectiveness of treatment of cardiovascular disease in Africa. Heart. 2008;94(2):140-144.
2. World Health Organization 2009. Cardiovascular Diseases. http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs317/en/index.htmlhttp://www.who.int/cardiovasculardiseases/priorities/en/index.html. Accessed June 17, 2010.
3. Goyal A, Yusuf S. The burden of cardiovascular disease in the Indian subcontinent. Indian Journal of Medical Research 2006;124:235.
4. Jellinger PS, Smith DA, Mehta AE, Ganda O et al; American Association of Clinical Endocrinologist’ guidelines for management of dyslipidemia and prevention of athersclrosis, Endocrine practice. 2012;18(suupl-1):712.
5. Leiberman M, Marks AD. Digestion and Transport of Dietary Lipids. In Marks Basic Medical Biochemistry- A clinical approach.3rd edition. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins 2009;593-604.
6. Rader DJ, Hobbs HH. Disorders of lipoprotein metabolism. In Fauci, Braunwald, Kasper, Harrisons Principle of Internal Medicine. 17th edition, New York, McGraw Hill 2008:2;2416-2429.
7. Enas EA. Why is there an epidemic of malingnant CAD in young Indians? Asian J Clin Cardio. 1998;1:43-59.
8. Bottham KM, Mayes PA. Lipid transport and storage. In Murray RK, Granner DK, Rodwell VW. Harper’s Illustrated Biochemistry. 27th edition. McGraw Hill 2006;217-229.104
9. Thomas Demant, KatjaSeeberg, Andrea Bedynek Dietrich Seidel. The metabolism of lipoprotein(a) and other apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins: a kinetic study in humans. Atherosclerosis 2001; 157:325-339.
10. Kamstrup PR, Benn M, Hansen AT, Nordestgaard BG. Extreme Lipoprotein(a) Levels and Risk of Myocardial Infarction in The General Population: The Copenhagen City Heart Study. Circulation 2008;117:176-184.
11. Scanu AM, Fless GM. Lipprotein (a) Heterogeneity and Biological Relevance. J. Clin. Invest. 1990;85: 1709-1715.
12. Jones GT, Rij AMV, Cole J, Williams MJ, Bateman Eh, Marcovina SM et al. Plasma Lipoprotein(a) Indicates Risk for 4 Distinct Forms of Vascular Disease. Clinical Chemistry 2007:53(4): 679-685.
13. Enas EA. http://www.cadiresearch.-com/illustrated.htm. Accessed 2002.
14. Von Eckardstein A, Schulte H, Cullen P, et al. Lipoprotein(a) further increases the risk of coronary events in men with high global cardiovascular risk. J Am CollCardiol. 2001;37:434-439.
15. Hoogeveen RC, Gambhir JK, Gambhir DS, et al. Evaluation of Lp(a) and other independent risk factors for CHD in Asian Indians and their USA counterparts. J Lipid Res. 2001;42:631-638.
16. Desmarais RL, Sarembock IJ, Ayers CR, et al. Elevated serum lipoprotein(a) is a risk factor for clinical recurrence after coronary balloon angioplasty. Circulation. 1995;91:1403-1409.
17. Enas EA, Mehta JL. Lipoprotein(a): An important risk factor in coronary artery disease. J Am CollCardiol. 1998;32:1132-1134.
18. Solymoss BC, Marcil M, Wesolowska E, et al. Relation of coronary artery disease in women <60 years of age to the combined elevation of serum lipoprotein(a) and total cholesterol to high-density cholesterol ratio. Am J Cardiol. 1993;72:1215-1219.
19. Hopkins PN, Wu LL, Hunt SC, et al. Lipoprotein(a) interactions with lipid and non lipid risk factors in early familial coronary artery disease. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 1997;17:2783-2792.
20. Enas EA, Senthilkumar A, Mathai A. Statins in the prevention and treatment of coronary artery disease: closing the knowledge and treatment gap. Asian J Clin Card. 2002;5:8-45.
21. Enas EA, Garg A, Davidson MA, et al. Coronary heart disease and its risk factors in first-generation immigrant Asia Indians to United States of America. Indian Heart J. 1996;48:343-353.
22. Enas EA, Jacob S. Coronary artery disease in Indians in the USA. In: Sethi K, ed. Coronary artery disease in Indians-a global perspective. Mumbai: Cardiological Society of India, 1998:32-43.
23. Third report of the National Cholesterol Education Program (NCEP) Expert panel on detection , evaluation and treatment of high blood cholesterol in adults (adult treatment panel III) final report. Circulation. 2002;106:3143-3421.
24. Mora S, Rifai N, Burring JE, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non fasting lipids and Apolipoproteins for predicting incident cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2008;118:993-1001.
25. Bansal S, Burring JE, Rifai N, Mora S, Sacks FM, Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non fasting triglycerides and risk of cardiovascular events in women. JAMA. 2007;298:309-316.
26. Nordestgaard BG, Benn M, Schnohr P, Tybjaerg-Hansen A. Non fasting triglycerides and risk of myocardial infarction, ischemic heart disease and death in men and women. JAMA. 2007;298:299-308.
27. Ridker PM. Fasting versus non fasting triglycerides and prediction of cardiovascular risk: do we need to revisit the oral triglyceride tolerance test? Clin Chem.2008;54:11-13.
28. Langsted A, Freiberg JJ, Nordestgaard BG. Fasting and non fasting lipid levels: influence of normal food intake on lipids, lipoproteins, apolipoproteins and cardiovascular risk prediction. Circulation. 2008;118:2047-56.
29. Sidhu D, Naugler C. Fasting time and lipid levels in a community-based population: A cross-sectional study. Arch Intern Med. 2012;172(22):1707-10.
30. Mora S, Rifai N, Buring JE and Ridker PM. Fasting compared with non fasting lipids and apolipoproteins for predicting incident cardiovascular events. Circulation. 2008;118:993-1000.