Title: Identification of Candidal Species from the Oral Cavity of Diabetic and Non-Diabetic Groups
Authors: Sonal Saigal, Ankur Bhargava, Ahmad Danish Rehan, Uddipan Kumar, Pragya Thakur, Tasnim Kausar
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i5.58
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a common universal endocrine disorder with decreased host immunity towards infections. In these people the most common opportunistic infection is oral candidiasis. Oral candidiasis is most commonly caused by yeast like fungus Candida albicans. In healthy individuals these microorganisms are believed to be commensals but in diabetic patients, it forms severe colonization, even in the absence of any clinically evident oral candidiasis. This type of subclinical colonization can make them more prone to develop deeper mucosal colonization with further dissemination via blood. In the current study, we aimed to identify and compare the frequency of Candida spp. in the oral cavity of diabetic and non-diabetic groups.
Materials and Methods: Swabs were taken from the mouth of 60 participants and were cultured on Sabouraud dextrose agar (SDA) medium. The study was performed on two groups of diabetic patients (n=30) and nondiabetics (n=30) as the control group. The Candida spp. were identified by culture on CHROM agar Candida medium.
Results: The frequency of Candida spp .was higher in diabetic patients compared to non-diabetics. The most frequent Candida spp. in the diabetic patients were Candida albicans (%36.66), C. krusei (%16.66), C. glabrata (%10.00), and C. tropcalis.(%3.33). Likewise, C. albicans was the most frequent species (%26.66) in the non-diabetic individuals. In this study, the results of both methods for identification of the isolates were consistent with each other.
Conclusion: Xerostomia and disturbance of physiological factors including pH and glucose can promote overgrowth of Candida flora in the oral cavity. These factors are considered important predisposing factors for oral candidiasis in diabetic patients.
Keywords: CHROM agar Candida, Diabetes mellitus, Oral candidiasis.
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