Title: A Comparative Study on the Effect of Yoga and Strengthening Exercises on the Symptoms of Fibromyalgia in Women
Authors: Jeba Chitra, Anneri Chheda, Ankita Dessai
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i4.08
Abstract
Fibromyalgia (FM) is condition characterised by wide spread pain, fatigue and sleep irregularities. It is more common in women than men. A number of pharmacological and non pharmacological treatments have been noted by researchers and efficacy of physiotherapy to relieve symptoms of Fibromyalgia has also been established previously. However, there is scope to identify an effective treatment for the same employing both conventional and contemporary modalities of therapy like strengthening exercises and yoga. Thus the objective of the study was to compare the effect of yoga and strengthening exercises on the symptoms of fibromyalgia in women. Data collection was done from educational institutions in Belagavi, India. Women between the age group of 18-45 years were screened using the Revised Fibromyalgia Criteria and were recruited for the study. Informed consent, demographic data and scores of Revised Fibromyalgia Impact Questionnaire were obtained and documented. Subjects were randomly assigned into two groups using envelope method. One group was given Yoga and other group was given strengthening exercises for7 days. Post intervention data were obtained and analysed. There was statistical significance in both groups with yoga showing greater effect than strengthening exercises in the improvement of symptoms of fibromyalgia. This study concludes that yoga had better effect than strengthening exercises on the symptoms of fibromyalgia in women and must be practised by subjects with FM to reduce the symptoms as much as possible.
Keywords- Fibromyalgia, Yoga, strengthening exercise, physiotherapy.
References
1. Wolfe F, Ross K, Anderson J, Russell IJ, Hebert L. The prevalence and characteristics of fibromyalgia in the general population. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 1995 Jan 1;38(1):19-28.
2. Weir PT, Harlan GA, Nkoy FL, Jones SS, Hegmann KT, Gren LH, Lyon JL. The incidence of fibromyalgia and its associated comorbidities: a population-based retrospective cohort study based on International Classification of Diseases, 9th Revision codes. JCR: Journal of Clinical Rheumatology. 2006 Jun 1;12(3):124-8.
3. Jones KD, Gelbart T, Whisenant TC, Waalen J, Mondala TS, Iklé DN, Salomon DR, Bennett RM, Kurian SM. Genome-wide expression profiling in the peripheral blood of patients with fibromyalgia. Clinical and experimental rheumatology. 2016 May;34(2 Suppl 96):89.
4. Adler GK, Geenen R. Hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal and autonomic nervous system functioning in fibromyalgia. Rheumatic Disease Clinics of North America. 2005 Feb 28;31(1):187-202.
5. Paiva ES, Deodhar A, Jones KD, Bennett R. Impaired growth hormone secretion in fibromyalgia patients: evi-dence for augmented hypothalamic somatostatin tone. Arthritis & Rheu-matism. 2002 May 1;46(5):1344-50.
6. Bennett RM, Cook DM, Clark SR, Burckhardt CS, Campbell SM. Hypothalamic-pituitary-insulin-like growth factor-I axis dysfunction in patients with fibromyalgia. The Journal of rheumatology. 1997 Jul;24(7):1384-9.
7. Wolfe F, Smythe HA, Yunus MB, Bennett RM, Bombardier C, Goldenberg DL, Tugwell P, Campbell SM, Abeles M, Clark P, Fam AG. The American College of Rheumatology 1990 criteria for the classification of fibromyalgia. Arthritis & Rheumatism. 1990 Feb 1;33(2):160-72
8. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Katz RS, Mease P, Russell AS, Russell IJ, Winfield JB, Yunus MB. The American College of Rheumatology preliminary diagnostic criteria for fibromyalgia and measurement of symptom severity. Arthritis care& research. 2010 May 1;62(5):600-10.
9. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RS, Mease P, Russell AS, Russell IJ, Winfield JB. Fibromyalgia criteria and severity scales for clinical and epidemiological studies: a modification of the ACR Preliminary Diagnostic Criteria for Fibromyalgia. The Journal of rheumatology. 2011 Jun 1;38(6): 1113-22.
10. Wolfe F, Clauw DJ, Fitzcharles MA, Goldenberg DL, Häuser W, Katz RL, Mease PJ, Russell AS, Russell IJ, Walitt B. 2016 Revisions to the 2010/2011 Fibromyalgia Diagnostic Criteria. InSeminars In Arthritis and Rheumatism 2016 Aug 30. WB Saunders.
11. Macfarlane GJ, Kronisch C, Dean LE, Atzeni F, Häuser W, Fluß E, Choy E, Kosek E, Amris K, Branco J, Dincer F. EULAR revised recommendations for the management of fibromyalgia. Annals of the Rheumatic Diseases. 2016 Jul 4:annrheumdis-2016.
12. Busch AJ, Barber KA, Overend TJ, Peloso PM, Schachter CL. Exercise for treating fibromyalgia syndrome. The Cochrane Library. 2007 Oct 17.
13. Mengshoel AM. Physiotherapy and fibromyalgia: A literature review. Advances in Physiotherapy. 1999 Jan 1;1(2):73-82.
14. Jones KD, Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM, Potempa KM. A randomized controlled trial of muscle strengthening versus flexibility training in fibromyalgia. The Journal of rheumatology. 2002 May 1;29(5):1041-8.
15. Kingsley JD, Panton LB, Toole T, Sirithienthad P, Mathis R, McMillan V. The effects of a 12-week strength-training program on strength and functionality in women with fibromyalgia. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005 Sep 30;86(9):1713-21.
16. Curtis K, Osadchuk A, Katz J. An eight-week yoga intervention is associated with improvements in pain, psychological functioning and mindfulness, and changes in cortisol levels in women with fibromyalgia.
17. Carson JW, Carson KM, Jones KD, Bennett RM, Wright CL, Mist SD. A pilot randomized controlled trial of the Yoga of Awareness program in the management of fibromyalgia. PAIN®. 2010 Nov 30;151(2):530-9.
18. Jones DA, Rutherford OM. Human muscle strength training: the effects of three different regimes and the nature of the resultant changes. Journal of Physiology. 1986 June 20
19. Kingsley JD, Panton LB, Toole T, Sirithienthad P, Mathis R, McMillan V. The effects of a 12-week strength-training program on strength and functionality in women with fibromyalgia. Archives of physical medicine and rehabilitation. 2005 Sep 30;86(9):1713-21.
20. Rooks DS, Silverman CB, Kantrowitz FG. The effects of progressive strength training and aerobic exercise on muscle strength and cardiovascular fitness in women with fibromyalgia: a pilot study. Arthritis Care & Research. 2002 Feb 1;47(1):22-8.
21. Jones KD, Burckhardt CS, Clark SR, Bennett RM, Potempa KM. A randomized controlled trial of muscle strengthening versus flexibility training in fibromyalgia. The Journal of rheumatology. 2002 May 1;29(5):1041-8.
22. Carson JW, Carson KM, Jones KD, Lancaster L, Mist SD. Mindful Yoga Pilot Study Shows Modulation of Abnormal Pain Processing in Fibromyalgia Patients. International journal of yoga therapy. 2016;26(1):93-100.
23. Bennett B. Emotional yoga: How the body can heal the mind. Simon and Schuster; 2011 Nov 8.
24. Nespor K. Pain management and yoga. Int J Psychosom. 1991;38(1-4):76-81.
25. Kumar P. Effect of Yoga on Mental Health of Adolescents.
26. Woolery A, Myers H, Sternlieb B, Zeltzer L. A yoga intervention for young adults with elevated symptoms of depression. Alternative therapies in health and medicine. 2004 Mar 1;10(2):60.
27. Lazar SW, Kerr CE, Wasserman RH, Gray JR, Greve DN, Treadway MT, McGarvey M, Quinn BT, Dusek JA, Benson H, Rauch SL. Meditation experience is associated with increased cortical thickness. Neuroreport. 2005 Nov 28;16(17):1893.
28. Jain S, Shapiro SL, Swanick S, Roesch SC, Mills PJ, Bell I, Schwartz GE. A randomized controlled trial of mindfulness meditation versus relaxation training: effects on distress, positive states of mind, rumination, and distraction. Annals of behavioral medicine. 2007 Feb 1;33(1):11-21.