Title: Lactation Problems in Post Natal Period: A Hospital Based Study
Authors: PG. Hariprasad, Sheen.LB, Babu George
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.174
Abstract
Introduction: Breast milk is the best gift of the mother to the baby. It is recommended that all new born babies should be exclusively breast fed for the first six months of life and breast milk should be continued at least upto two years of life. However due to multiple reasons, lactation problems are not uncommon in our mothers during the post natal period. This study was undertaken to find out various reasons of lactation problems.
Objectives:
1. To find out lactation problems of during post natal period
2. To compare the various reasons of lactation problems among mothers of normal delivery and LSCS
Methodology: Mothers in the post natal period were consecutively recruited till sample size of 200 (100 normal deliveries and 100 LSCS) were reached, excluding multiple pregnancy in a Tertiary care center. The prepared questionnaire was used to assess the problems by a single investigator and the results were analysed using chi square test
Results: Maternal risk factors like diabetes mellitus and prior treatment for infertility and birth weight of the baby had significant association with lactation problems. Problems of nipples like cracked nipples, inverted nipples and breast engorgement significantly contributed to lactation problems. Most of the mothers were not educated on proper technique of breast feeding.
Conclusion: Examination of nipples should be done during antenatal period. Health education should be given to all pregnant mothers regarding successful breast feeding. BFHI should be reinforced.
Keywords: Post natal, Breast feeding, Nipples, Latching, Normal delivery, LSCS.
References
1. Ghai OP. Essentials of Pediatrics. NewDelhi,CBS, 2013:150-155.
2. Kramer MS, Chalmers B, Hodnett ED, Sevkovskaya Z, Dzikovich I, Shapiro S, Collet JP, Vanilovich I, Mezen I, Ducruet T, Shishko G, Zubovich V, Mknuik D, Gluchanina E, Dombrovskiy V, Ustinovitch A, Kot T, Bogdanovich N, Ovchinikova L, Helsing E (2001). Promotion of Breastfeeding Intervention Trial (PROBIT): A randomized trial in the Republic of Belarus. J. Am. Med. Assoc. 285(4):413-420).
3. World Health Organization (2011). Exclusive breastfeeding for six months best for babies everywhere. WHO statement, 15 January 2011.
4. Jones G, Steketee RW, Black RE, Bhutta ZA, Morris SS (2003). The Bellagio Child Survival Study Group. How many child deaths can we prevent this year? Lancet 362:65-71.
5. Bhutta ZA, Labbok M (2011) Scaling up breastfeeding in developing countries. Lancet, 378(9789):378 – 380.
6. Tylleskär T, Debra J, Meda NC, Engebretsen I, Chopra M, Diallo A, Doherty T, Ekström E, Fadnes L, Goga A, Kankasa C, Klungsøyr J, Lombard C, Nankabirwa V. Nankunda J, Van de Perre P Sanders D, Shanmugam R, Sommerfelt H, Wamani H, Tumwine J (2011). Exclusive breastfeeding promotion by peer counselors in SubSaharan Africa (PROMISE-EBF): a cluster-randomized trial. Lancet 378:420-427.
7. Unicef India, Nutrition—Latest Stories, Unicef India, 2014, http://www.unicef.org/india/nutrition.html.
8. Mbada CE, Oyinlola FC, Olatunbosun TO, Awotidebe TO, Arije OO, Johnson OE, et al. Is baby-friendly breastfeeding mother-friendly? J Women’s Health Phys Ther 2013;37(1):19–28.
9. Kapandji IA. The physiology of the joints. In: The Trunk and the Vertebral Column, Vol. 3, 2nd edn. Edinburgh: Churchill Livingstone, 1974.
10. Coca KP, Gamba MA, de Sousa e Silva R, Abrao AC. Does breastfeeding position influence the onset of nipple trauma? Rev Esc Enferm USP 2009;43(2):446–52.
11. Moore ER, Anderson G, Bergman N, Dowswell T. Early skin-to-skin contact for mothers and their healthy newborn infants. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2012; (5):CD003519.
12. Bramson L, Lee JW, Moore E, Montgomery S, Neish C, Bahjri K. Effect of early skin-to-skin mother–infant contact during the first 3 hours following birth on exclusive breastfeeding during the maternity hospital stay. J Hum Lact 2010, 26(2), 130–137.
13. Kronborg H, Vaeth M. How are effective breastfeeding technique and pacifier use related to breastfeeding problems and breastfeeding duration? Birth 2009;36(1):34–42.
14. Santo LC, de Oliveira LD, Giugliani ER. Factors associated with low incidence of exclusive breastfeeding for the first 6 months. Birth 2007;34(3):212–9.
15. Goyal RC, Banginwar AS, Ziyo F, Toweir AA. Breastfeed ing practices: positioning, attachment (latch-on) and effective suck-ling—a hospital-based study in Libya. J Family Community Med 2011;18(2):74–9.
16. Colson S. Biological nurturing: the laid-back breastfeeding revolution. Midwifery Today Int Midwife 2012;(101):9–11,66.