Title: Determination of Age from Epiphyseal Union of Bones at Shoulder Joint in Boys in Bikaner Region
Authors: Dr Sanjeev Buri, Dr Pramod Kumar Saini, Dr Amit Joshi, Dr Manoj Garg
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.127
Abstract
Background: The study of epiphyseal union of bones is considered a reasonably accurate and accepted method for age determination. There is a variation in the timing of appearance and fusion of the epiphyses of the bones. So, the present work is to investigate the ages of epiphyseal union around shoulder joint radiologically in boys Bikaner region.
Material & Methods: The present study has been conducted on 107 boys falling in the age group of 14-25 years, which are selected randomly from various local educational institutions, neighbourhood of various faculty members and staff as well as cases attending the OPD of the Forensic Medicine Department of PBM Hospital, Bikaner.
Results: In our study shows the complete fusion seen in 16-17 years of age group of the coracoids process, 19-20 years of age group of acromian process and 18-19 years of age group of the head of humerus in boys.
Conclusion: In concluded that determine whether an individual has already reached the criminal responsibility age (18 years) or not; evaluation of epiphysis of shoulder joint closure is important after closure of hand and wrist bone epiphyses just before evaluation of iliac crest and ischial tuberosity fusion.
Keywords: Epiphysis, Coracoids process, acromian process, head of Humerus.
References
1. Satya Prakash Dixit and R.K. Bansal. Study of ossification centres fusion of elbow joint in 15 to 17 years Garhwali females of Dehradun region. J Indian Acad Forensic Med. Oct.-Dec. 2014; Vol. 36, No. 4; Page 396-398.
2. Reddy KSN. Identification-Growth in Individual bone, In the Essentials of Fore-nsic Medicine and Toxicology. 29th ed. Hyderabad: K. Suguna Devi; 2009. p 64-71.
3. Vij K. Textbook of forensic medicine and toxicology principles and practices, 4th edition, Elsevier: India, 2008: P: 54-55.
4. Anju Singh, Dinesh Kumar singh, D.G. Paricharak and harshita Pant. Estimation of age by x-ray examination of distal end of humerus; J of evolution of Med and Dent Sci: Aug 2014; Vol. 3; Issue 35: Page 9286-9303.
5. Jit I, Kulkarni M. Time of appearance and fusion of epiphysis at medical end of clavicle. Indian J Med Res .1976 May: 64(5):773-82.
6. Galstaun G. A study of ossification as observed in Indian subject. Ind j Med Res 1937; 25(1):267-324.
7. Chaurasia BD Human Anatomy. Regional and applied 2nd ed. CBS Publishers and Distributors. p. 3-11.
8. Gonzales Thomas A. Legal Medicine and Toxicology, New York. 27-28.
9. Williams Peter L, Dyson Mary. Gray’s Anatomy 37th ed. p. 404, 408-409.
10. Shanks S Cochrane, Kerley Peter. A Textbook of X-ray Diagnosis Vol 4th, 3rd ed. London, p. 20-21.
11. Waddell LA. Lyon’s Medical Jurisprudence for India, Page 56.
12. Parikh CK. “Parikh textbook of Med. Jurisprudence and Toxicology, 5th ed. 1999. C.B.S. Publisher and distributor. p. 2.5-2.14.
13. Camps Francis E. Gradwohl’s Legal Medicine 2nd ed. Bristol: John wright and Sons Ltd. p. 140-141.
14. Basmajian JohnV, Sionecker Charles E. Grant’s method of Anatomy. 11th ed., p.372- 373, 378-379.
15. Krogman W M, and Iscan M"YF The human : skeleton in Forensic:'; Medicin 2nd edition.Illinois: Charles C. Thomas; p ..64.
16. Pillai MJS. The study of epiphyseal union for determining the age of South Indians. Indian of Journal Medical Research 1936; 23:p.1015-7.
17. Flecker H. Roentgenographic observations of the times of appearance of epiphysis. J Anat 1932; 67: 188-164.
18. Knight, Bernard. Age Estimation: In, Forensic Pathology, Edward Arnold, A division of Hodder & Sttoughton London.1996 p. 109-114- 118.
19. Lall, Rand Nat BS. Indian Journal Medical Research (IJMR), Vol 21, p 683.
20. Sahana SN. Locomotor System Osteolog;1 Human Anatomy Vol. I. Sahana S.t\J. ed. JIAFM, 2005 : 27 (2). ISSN 0971-0973 99 Central Book Agency, 14 Bankh Chant-terjee Street Calcutta p. 314-317, 324-325.
21. Davies, DA, Parson FG. The age order of the appearance and union of the normal epiphyses as seen by X-rays. J. Anat., 1927; 62:58-71.