Title: Ocular Changes in Sexually Transmitted Diseases: Review of literature
Authors: Dr Mudita Gupta, Dr Arti Sareen, Dr Vinod Gupta
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i3.97
Abstract
Sexually transmitted infections that are acquired through sexual route. They can affect various organs n the body .Eye is also commonly involved but this mode is rarely suspected in ocular diseases. Ocular involvement may be trivial or sight threatening even. We review ocular changes in sexually transmitted infections to highlight the importance of keeping a differential of sexually transmitted diseases.
Keywords: Sexually transmitted infections, ocular changes, sight threatening.
References
1. William Lynn, Lightman S. Ocular infections associated with Sexually transmitted disease and HIV/AIDS. In :Holmes K ,Sparling PF, Stamm WE.et al eds. Sexually transmitted diseases 4thed. USA:M c Graw Hill.2008 p 1227-44
2. Gaudio PA (2006) Update on ocular syphilis. CurrOpinOphthalmol 17:562–566
3. Kiss S, Damico FM, Young LH (2005) Ocular manifestations and treatment of syphilis. SeminOphthalmol 20(3): 161–7.
4. Walker DG,Walker GJ.Forgotten but not gone. The continuing scourge of congenit-al syphilis. Lancet Infect Dis 2002;2:432-36.
5. Biswas J, Bhavsar K. Ocular manifest-ations of sexually transmittedinfections.In Bhushan Kumar,Somesh Gupta eds. Sexually transmitted infections second ed. India Elsevier.2013 p759-68.
6. Margo CE, Hamed LM (1992) Ocular syphilis. SurvOphthalmol 1992; 37:203–7.
7. KhawlaAS ,Azzouni F. The eye in sexually transmitted infections: a review of the ocular complications of venereal diseases. IntOphthalmol[internet]Springer Science+Business Media B.V. 2012DOI 10.1007/s10792-011-9501-5
8. Fathilah J,ChooMM.The Jarisch –Herxheimer reaction in ocular syphilis.Med J Malaysia 2003;58:437-39.
9. Lee ME, et al.Syphilitic Interstitial keratitis . JAMA 1989;262:2921.
10. Bacerra LI. Syphilitic disease in human immunodeficiency virus- infected and non infected patients. Ophthalmology 1989; 96: 1729-31.
11. Smith JR,Coster DJ. Diagnosing the systemic association of anterior uveitis. Aust NZJ ophthalmol1998;26:319-26
12. Nussenblat R,Scott M ,WhitcupMD,et al.Uveitis. fundamentals and Clinical practice. Mosby year book.1996[cited in survey ophthalmol 1996:40; 3]
13. Brad Bowling. Uveitis. In: Bowling B. Kanski’s Clinical ophthalmology. 5th ed. London: Butterworth Heinemann 2003. Pg 70-75.
14. Schwartz LK. Secondary syphilis with iris papules. Am J ophtalmol 1989;21: 333-36.
15. Kuo JC,Kapusta MA,Rao NA. Vitritis as the primary manifestation of ocular syphilis in patients with HIV infection.Am J Ophthalmol 1998;125:306-11.
16. Browning DJ. Posterior segment manifest-ations of active ocular syphilis., their resp-onse to a neurosyphilis regimen of penici-llin therapy,and the influence of human immunodeficiency virus status on the res-ponse. Ophthalmology 2000;107: 2015-23.
17. Jumper JM,Machemer R, Gallemore RP, et al.Exudative retinal detachment and retinitis associated with acquired syphilitic uveitis. Retina 2000;20:190-94.
18. Gass J, Braunstein R, Chenoweth R. Acute syphilitic posterior placoidchorioretinitis. Ophthalmology 1990;97:1288-97.
19. Wan WL, Farkas GC, May WN, Robin JB. The clinical characteristics and course of adult gonococcal conjunctivitis. Am J Ophthalmol 1986; 102: 575–83
20. Tipple C, Smith A, Bakowska E, Corbett MC. Corneal perforation requiring corneal grafting: a rare complication of gonococcal eye infection. Sex Transm Infect 2010 86(6):447–48
21. Kestelyn P, Bogaerts J, Stevens AM, Piot P, Meheus A. Treatment of adult gonoc-occal keratoconjunctivitis with oral norflo-xacin. Am J Ophthalmol 1989;108: 516–523|
22. Fitch CP, Rapoza PA, Owen S, et al. Epidemiology and diagnosis of acute conjunctivitis at an inner-city hospital. Ophthalmol 1989;96:1215-20.
23. Ostler HB. Herpes simplex:the primary infection.Surv Ophthalmol1976;21:91-99.
24. Das J C,Sharma P,Singla R. A new treat-ment modality for phthiriasi-spalpebrum. J pediatr ophthalmol strabismus 2003; 40:304-5.