Title: Clinical Diagnostic Tools in Detection of Oral Cancers and Potentially Malignant Disorders
Authors: N.Mohan, T.Kumar, Cicilia Subbulakshmi
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i2.86
Abstract
Oral cancers are one of the most common cancers worldwide today. Oral malignancies are usually well advanced at the time of diagnosis. Prognosis depends on early diagnosis and the disease is life threatening, with high morbidity resulting from late treatment. Early detection and treatment gives the best chance for its cure. The clinical examination is one of the best modalities in suspecting the pathology but the biggest disadvantage in the diagnosis lies in deciding whether or not a biopsy is required in these lesions. Techniques that are promoted or assessed to improve earlier detection and diagnosis of oral malignancy include Toluidine Blue, Vizilite Plus With Touidine Blue, Velscope, Brush Biopsy, etc. The gold standard remains tissue biopsy and histopathological examination. Advanced techniques include Lab On A Chip, Optical Coherence Tomography, DNA Ploidy and Salivary Biomarkers. The purpose of this review article is to discuss various clinical diagnostic aids in diagnosis of oral cancer and potentially malignant disorders.
Keywords: Oral Cancer, Diagnostic Aids, Potentially Malignant Disorders.
References
1. Masthan KMK, N Aravindha Babu, Kailash Chandra Dash, M Elumalai. Advanced Diagnostic Aids in Oral Cancer. Asian Pacific J Cancer Prev, 13, 3573-3576
2. Chaudhary R, Shah A, Shah DM, Singh S, Thakkar P, Goyal S. Advanced Diagnostic Aids in Detection of Oral Cancer. Int J Dent Med Res 2014;1(3):139-143.
3. Diana V Messadi.Diagnostic aids for detection of oral precancerous conditions. International Journal of Oral Science (2013) 5, 59–65.
4. Epstein JB, Güneri P. The adjunctive role of toluidine blue in detection of oral premalignant and malignant lesions. Curr Opin Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 2009. 17(2): 79-87.
5. Lingen MW et al., Critical evaluation of diagnostic aids for the..., Oral Oncol (2007), doi:10.1016/j.oraloncology.2007.06.011
6. Shwetha K N , H C Vanishri , A Dominic, SV Sowmya, R S Roopa. Recent advances in diagnosis of oral cancer. Journal of Dental & Oro-facial Research Vol 12 Issue 1 Jan 2016.
7. Ram S, Siar CH. Chemiluminescence as a diagnostic aid in the detection of oral cancer and potentially malignant epithelial lesions. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 2005; 34(5) :521-7.
8. Balevi B. Evidence-based decision-making:should the general dentist adopt the use of the VELscope for routine screening for oral cancer.J Can Dent Assoc. 2007; 73(7):603-6.
9. Crispian Scully, José Bagan V, Colin Hopper, Joel Epstein B (2008). Oral cancer: Current and future diagnostic techniques. Am J Dentistry, 21, 199-209.
10. Smaroula Divani, Maria Exarhou, Leonidas-Nectarios Theodorou, Dimitrios Georgantzis, Haralambos Skoulakis (2009). Advantages and difficulties of brush cytology in the identification of oral cancer. Arch Oncol, 17, 11.
11. Stefano Fedele (2009). Diagnostic aids in the screening of oral cancer. Head & Neck Oncology, 1, 1-6.
12. Wong DT (2006). Salivary diagnostics for oral cancer. J Calif Dent Assoc, 34, 303.8.
13. Yi-Shing Lisa Cheng, John Wright (2011). Advances in Diagnostic Adjuncts for Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.The Open Pathology J, 5, 3-7.
14. Joshi M, Despande J. Polymerase Chain reaction: Methods, Principles and Applications. IJBR 2010; 1(5):81-97.
15. Lauerman LH. Advances in PCR technology. Anim Health Res Rev 2004; 5(2):247-8.
16. Azzazy HM, Mansour MM, Kazmierczak Sc. Nanodiagnostics: a new frontier for clinical laboratory medicine. Clin Chem 2006; 52(7):1238-46.