Title: Pattern of Congenital Anomalies in A Tertiary Care Centre
Authors: Dr S. Lakshmi Vinodh, Dr Deepthy Balakrishnan
DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v5i1.94
Abstract
Aim of the Study- The aim of this study is to identify the common patterns of anomalies seen in the hospital population of a tertiary care centre in Kerala, India.
Materials and Methods- This descriptive study was carried out in the obstetric unit of a tertiary care centre in Kerala for a period of one year. All patients who delivered or who had a second trimester abortion [from 14 weeks] were included in the study. All the fetus and the newborns were examined for the presence of congenital anomalies and mothers were interviewed for socio-demographic variables.
Results- During the study period, 15227 babies were born, of which 379 had congenital malformations, making the prevalence 2.48 %. 78 newborns (20.58%) had multiple anomalies involving more than one system. Out of the 379 cases, 248 (65.4 %) survived. The predominant system involved was Musculo-skeletal system (24 %) followed by central nervous system (21.4 %). Out of the 131 perinatal losses, 47 cases (35.9%) were due to CNS anomalies. Talipes (15.3 %) was the most common one in musculoskeletal group while hydrocephalus (7.9%) was highest in the central nervous system anomalies. The study found that congenital anomalies were associated with low birth weight, prematurity, malpresentation, consanguinity and polyhydramnios.
Conclusion - In spite of high institutional deliveries in Kerala, India, prevalence of congenital anomalies remains high. Increased awareness about preventable risk factors may help in reducing the incidence of congenital anomalies.
Keywords: Congenital anomaly, prevalence, neonates.
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