Title: Congenitally Fused Kidney Mal-Positioned In the Sacral Region
Authors: Dr Mohd Asrarul Haque, Dr Mohammad Mojahid Anwar, Dr Faiz Ahmad, Dr Munawwar Husain, Dr Jawed A Usmani, Dr Baitullah
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i1.31
Abstract
Normally the anatomical position of kidneys is at the level of T12-L3 vertebrae in relation to spine. It is supplied by renal artery which is a branch of abdominal aorta.
References
- Dunnick NR. Textbook of uroradiology. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. (2001) ISBN:0781723892.
- Moore CA, Khoury MJ, Liu Y. Does light-to-moderate alcohol consumption during pregnancy increase the risk for renal anomalies among offspring? Pediatrics. 1997;99(4):E11.
- Parikh CR, McCall D, Engelman C, et al. Congenital renal agenesis: Case-control analysis of birth characteristics. Am J Kidney Dis. 2002;39(4):689– 94.
- Chaudhury S, Chatterjee I, Dutta S, Vaid L, Mukhopadhyay K. Congenital Pouch Colon with Unilateral Renal Agenesis and Monorchism. Iranian Journal of Pediatrics. 2010;20(4):491-494.
- Machado S, Figueiredo N, Borges A, São José Pais M, Freitas L, Moura P, et al. Acute kidney injury in pregnancy: A clinical challenge. J Nephrol 2012;25:19-30
- Stella A. Hereditary renal agenesis . Report of a case. Minerva Ginecol. 1998 Jun;50(6):255-9.
- Sanna-Cherchi S, Caridi G, Weng PL, et al. Genetic approaches to human renal agenesis/hypoplasia and dysplasia. Pediatric Nephrology (Berlin, Germany). 2007;22(10):1675-1684. doi:10.1007/s00467-007-0479-1.
- Sanna-Cherchi S, Ravani P, et al. Renal outcome in patients with congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract. Kidney International (2009) 76, 528–533; doi:10.1038/ki.2009.220; published online 17 June 2009.
- Davidovic LB, Kostic DM, Jakovljevic NS, et al. Abdominal aortic surgery and horseshoe kidney. Ann Vasc Surg. 2004 Nov. 18(6):725-
- Available at http://radiopaedia.org/articles/crossed-fused-renal-ectopia Accessed on 25 June 2015