Title: Evaluation of Lipid Profile in Type-II Diabetes Mellitus with Obesity
Authors: Dr Preeti Gupta, MBBS, MD, Dr Sanjiv Gupta, MBBS, MD
DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/jmscr/v4i1.19
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia and its lethal complications. Among the various types of diabetes, Type-II diabetes mellitus is the most prevalent variant and it is due to combination of insulin resistance and relative insulin deficiency due to pancreatic β cell failure. In this study we examined the serum lipid profile in obese Type II diabetics and compared with a control group who were obese but not diabetic. The mean TC, TG, HDL-c, LDL-c, VLDL-c, FBS were 243.36±36.72, 201.97±55.44, 42.48 ± 9.2, 164.96 ± 16.8, 40.59±11.09 and 143.55 ± 38.68 respectively. In our study, the levels of TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDL-c were significantly increased while HDL-c levels did not show statistically significant difference in the two group.
Key words: Obesity, BMI, Lipid Profile &TypeII Diabetes Mellitus.
References
1. MK Yadav, Dr TK Mohapatra, Dr TK Mohapatra et. al. Study on Glycated Hemoglobin & lipid profile in Type-2 Diabetes Mellitus. International Journal of Science & Research (IJSR) 2015;4(6): 1917-1919.
2. Assamang G, Schute H: The prospective Cardiovascular Minister (procam) study; Prevalence of hyperlipidemia in persons with hypertension and/or diabetes mellitus and the relationship to coronary heart disease: American Heart Journal 1988; 116:1713
3. Dan L. Longo … *et al.+. Harrison’s Principles Of Internal Medicine. 18th edition, 2012, chapter 344, pages 2995 to 2998.chapter 77, page 628.
4. Bijani PK, Shah Kokila, Reheja BS, HDL Cholesterol in Diabetes JAPI; 1984:32
5. Enas A Enas, MD, FACC –How to beat the Heart disease epidemic among south Asians Chapter - 3.2:85-91,6.3:228-230,6.4:231,6.7:243-249.
6. Richard A. Harvey, Pamela C. Champe, Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Biochemistry 3rd edition: 217- 233.
7. Misra A, Vikram NK. Insulin resistance syndrome (metabolic syndrome) and obesity in Asian Indians: evidence and implications. Nutrition 2004; 20: 482–491
8. Bergmayer H.V. – “Methods of Enzymatic Analysis”,A.P., N.Y. 1974, Page 1196.
9. Richmond W. – Preparation and properties of cholesterol oxidase from Nocardia sp. and its application to the enzymatic assay of total cholesterol in serum. Clin Chem. 19: 1350-1356, 1973.
10. Foosati P. and Prencipe L. – Serum triglyceride determined colorimetrically with an enzyme that produce hydrogen peroxide. Clin Chem. 28: 2077-2080, 1982.
11. Rifai N. and Warnick G.R., Ed.- Laboratory measurements of lipids, lipoproteins and apolipoproteins. AACC press, Washington, DC, USA 1994.
12. Burtis, C.A. and Ashwood, E.R. Ed. – Tietz Textbook of clinical chemistry, 2nd Ed, Saunders, Philadelphia, 1994.
13. Friedewald W.T., Levy R.I., Fredrickson D.S., clin Chem. 18:499, 1972.
14. Frisancho AR. New standards of weight and body composition by frame size and height for assessment of nutritional status in adults and elderly. Amm J.Clinnutri.1984:40:808.
15. Olefsky JM. Diabetes mellitus, In cecil textbook of Medicine 18th Ed. Wynagaarden and Smith Jr. Eds;WB Saunders Int ED. 1992; 1291.
16. Dunn FL. Treatment of lipid disorders in diabetes mellitus. Med Clin North America 1988; 72.
17. Goldberg RB. Lipid disorders in diabetes. Diabetes Care 1981; 4 : 561.
18. Taskinen MR. Hyperlipidemia in diabetes. Clin Endocrinol Metab 1990; 4 : 743.
19. Cohen AM, Fidel J. Diabetes, blood lipids, lipoproteins, change of environment. Met 1979; 28 : 7.
20. Sharma D, Bansal BC, Prakash C. Serum lipid studies in thin insulin dependent diabetics below the age of 30 years. J Ind Med Ass 1970;9: 54.
21. Jain AP, Gupta DP. Study of blood, lipids diabetes without any manifest vascular complications JDAI 1980; 20.
22. Santen JR, Park W Willis, Stefan S. Atherosclerosis in diabetes mellitus correlation with serum lipid levels, adiposity and serum insulin levels. Arch Int Med 1972;130.
23. Paret AD, Rowes A, Shahmanesh M. Blood lipids in treated diabetics. Diabetologia 1974; 10: 115.
24. Bijlani PK, Shah Kokila, Raheja BS. HDL cholesterol in diabetics. JAPI 1984; 32.
25. Chait A, Biermann EL, Albers JJ. Low density lipoprotein receptor activity in skin fibroblasts cultured from diabetic donors. Diabetes 1979; 28 : 914.
26. Lopes-Vireflla MF, Sherer GK, Lees AM, et al. Surface binding, internalization and degradation by cultured human fibroblasts of low density lipoproteins isolated from Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetic patients. Changes with metabolic control. Diabetologia 1982 ; 22 : 430.
27. Gonen B, Baenzider J, Schonfeld G, et al. Nonenzymatic glycosylation of low density lipoproteins in vitro. Effects on cell interactive properties. Diabetes 1981; 30 : 875.
28. Brunzell JD, Chait A, Beirman EL. Pathophysiology of lipoprotein transport. Metabolism 1978; 27 : 1109.
29. Nikkila EA, Huttunen JK, Enholm C. Post-heparin plasma lipoprotein lipase and hepatic lipase in diabetes mellitus-relationshiop to plasma triglyceride metabolism. Diabetes 1977; 26: 11.
30. Abrams JJ, Ginsberg H, Grundy SM. Metabolism of cholesterol and plasma triglycerides in non-ketotic diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1982; 31 : 903.
31. Castelli WP, Doyle JT, Gordon T, et al. HDLcholesterol and other lipids in coronary heart disease : The cooperative lipoprotein phenotyping study. Circualtion 1977; 55 : 767.
32. Miller NE, Forde OH, Thelle DS, Mjos OD. The Tromso heart study. High density lipoprotein and coronary heart disease : a prospective case controlled study. Lancet 1977; 1: 965.
33. Goldbourt, U, Medalie JH. High density lipoprotein cholesterol and incidence of coronary heart disease; the Israel Ischaemic Heart Disease study. Am J Epidemiol 1979; 109 : 296.
34. Ganda OP, Hayes EJ, Soledner Js, et al. Alterations in high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-cholesterol) and its relationship to control of diabetes. 10th Congress of the International Diabetes Federation, Vienna, Austria 1979;72 : 9.
35. Gordon T, Castelli WP, Hjjortland MC et al. High density lipoproteins as a protective factor against coronary heart disease: the Framingham study. Am J Med 1977; 62: 707.
36. Kannel WB, Castelli WP, Gordon T. Cholesterol in the prediction of atherosclerotic disease. New perspectives based on Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 1979; 90 : 85.
37. Schaeffer E, Levy RI, Anderson DW, et al. Plasma triglycerides in regulation of HDL-cholesterol levels. Lancet 1978; 2: 391.
38. Lopes-Vereflla MF, Stone PG, Colwell JA. Serum high density lipoproteins in diabetic patients. Diabetelogiua 1977; 13: 285.
39. Lopes- Vireflla MF, Wohltmann HJ, Loadhoet CB, Buse MG. Plasma lipids and lipoproteins in young insulin-dependent diabetic patients. Diabetologia 1981; 21: 216.
40. Schmitt JK, Poole JR, Lewis SB, et al. Haemoglobin A, correlated with the ratio of low to high-density lipoprotein cholesterol in normal weight Type-2 diabetics. Metabolism 1982; 31: 1084.
41. Boucher BJ, Yudhin J. Diabetic control and HDLcholesterol level. Lancet 1978; 2: 269.
42. Elkeles RS, Wu J, Hambley J. Haemoglobin A, blood glucose and high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol in insulin-requiring diabetics. Lancet 1978; 2 : 547.
43. Laakso M, Voutilainen F, Sarlund H, et al. Serum lipids and lipoproteins in middle-aged non-insulindependent diabetics. Atherosclerosis 1985; 56: 271.
44. Billingham MS, Miles JJ, Bailey CJ, Hall RA. Lipoprotein subfraction composition in non-insulindependent diabetes treated with diet, sulphonylurea and insulin . Metabolism 1989; 38: 850.
45. Kennedy AL, Lappin TRJ, Lavery TD, et al. Relation of high density lipoprotein cholesterol concentration to type of diabetes and its control. Br Med J 1978; 2:1191.
46. Colwell JA, Vascular thrombosis in Type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 1993 ; 42: 8-11.
47. Wood PD, Haskell W, Klein H, et al. The distribution of plasma lipoproteins in middle-aged male runners. Metabolism 1976; 25: 1249.
48. Miller NE, Rao S, Lewis B, et al. High density lipoproteins and physical activity. Lancet 1979; 1: 111.
49. Hulley S, Ashman P, Kuller L, et al . HDL- cholesterol levels in the Multiple Risk Factor Intervention Trial by the MRFIT Research Group. Lipids 1979; 14: 119.
50. Jenkins DJA. Dietary fibre, diabetes and hyperlipidaemia. Lancet 1979; 2 : 1287.
51. Simpson HCR, Simpson RW, Lousley S, et al. A high carbohydrate leguminous fibre diet improves all aspects of diabetic control. Lancet 1978;1 : 1055.
52. Gylling H, Micttinen TA. Serum cholesterol and lipoprotein metabolism in hypercholesterolemic NIDDM patients before and during sitostanol estermargarine treatment. Diabetologia 1994; 37 : 773.